（1)根据材料一并结合所学知识，概括雅典民主制的特点。（8分）(2)根据材料二并结合所学知识，指出近代英国和古代雅典民主制的不同(12 分）19.阅读材料，完成下列要求。（12分）材料中国共产党始终高举人民民主的光辉旗帜。土地革命时期，党领导人民建立了工农民主政权。抗日战争时期，中国共产党建立了以“三三制”为原则的抗日民主政权。解放战争时期，毛泽东等领导人创造性地设计了新民主主义的国家政权。新中国成立后，党领导人民制定宪法，建立人民代表大会制度、中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度、民族区域自治制度，形成了民主制度体系的基本格局。改革开放以后，中国共产党将科学社会主义基本原则同我国国情相结合，.7，26DY·历史(一）-R一选择性必修1一QGB

2026届湖北省九年级G20十二月联考道德与法治·历史第二部分历史一、选择题（共12小题，每题2分，共24分。在每题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）18.下表呈现了世界古代文明在文字发展方面的概况。由此可知，古代文明具有要答题准考证号尼罗河流域的埃及两河流域的苏美尔黄河流域的中国人人使用莎草制成莎人用泥土制造泥板在龟甲和兽骨上面草纸在上面书写文并在上面书写文字，书写文字，创造了字，创造了象形文字创造了楔形文字甲骨文不A.传承性B.多元性C.包容性D.优劣性19.11～12世纪，欧洲城市兴起了两类不受教会控制的新型学校：内一类是专门学拉丁语的学校，另一类是学阅读、写作、商业线代数和簿记的学校。第二类学校不但常常人满为患，而且经常会冲击第一类学校的生源。这主要因为学校课程的设置名封A.顺应了庄园发展的需求姓B.已经彻底摆脱了基督教的影响密C.得到了国王的大力支持D.顺应了经济和社会发展的要求20.小明同学用制作示意图的方法学历史。下面是他制作的世界古代政治制度示意图。这体现出世界古代政治制度的共同点是天子王娄婆罗门祭祀贵族诸候大封建主刹帝利国王、武士等卿大夫吹舍农民、牧民士小封建主首陀罗被征服者农民娥民（不可接触者）学校种姓制度示意图分封制示意图西欧封建等级制示意图A.都维护统治阶级的利益B.都促进了国家统一C.都以血缘关系为纽带D.都维护了封建制度《九年级·历史·联考》第7页（共12页）

第Ⅱ卷非选择题（共52分）二、非选择题（共52分）17.阅读材料.完成下列要求：（25分）材料一明清时期，科举制度发展至鼎盛：考试内容严格限定在四书五经范围，采用八股文体，强调“代圣贤立言”：士人通过县试、乡试、会试、殿试层层选拔，形成“天子门生“观念：明太祖规定“中外文臣皆由科举而进、非科举盘得与官”，清代更确立严格的科举回避、搜检制度：这一制度在保证选官公正的同时，也将知识分子思想束缚在儒家经典之中：摘编自《明史·选举志《清史稿·选举志》材料二1158年神圣罗马帝国皇帝腓特烈一世颁布《居住法》，授予博洛尼亚大学师生免受城市当局管辖的特权，1200年法王滕力二世承认巴黎大学自治地位，授予师生免税免役权，大学可自设法庭、制定章程、聘请教师，大学生先上基础课程，包括文法、逻辑、算术、几何、天文、音乐，学完基础课程之后进入专业课程，包括法学、医学、神学：课程设置虽仍受教会影响，但这种自治体制使得大学成为相对独立的学术共同体，唤起了人们对古典艺术、哲学、医学、罗马法的兴趣，为文艺复兴和宗教改革奠定了思想基础。——摘编自哈斯金斯《大学的兴起》（1）根据材料开结合所学知识，概括说明中国明清科拳制亏欧洲中世纪大学制度的差异，（12分）（2）有观点认为"人才培养与选拔制度决定文明走向”：请结合材料与中润、欧洲的历史发展，谈谈你对这一观点的理解，（13分）18.阅读材料，完成下列要求：（12分）材料一1905年，清政府成立学部，颁布《奏定学堂章程》、规定初等小学堂设“体操“科，内容包括队列、跑步、跳跃等；1912年，中华民国临时政府颁布《普通教育暂行办法》将“体操“改为“体育”，课程新增篮球、足球等西方竞技运动，强调“体育者，强筋骨、增知识、调感情、强意志也”据《中国近代教育史资料汇编》整理历史试题卷第5页（其6页）

工业革命→工人运动—→革命理论—→政奴尝试18世纪60年代至19世纪三19世纪40年代19世纪19世纪上半期四十年代70年代A.启蒙思想巴黎公社B.马克思主义第一国际C.人文主义第一国际D.马克思主义巴黎公社二、综合题（本大题共4小题，共40分）21.（10分)和交往和暴力冲突是文明交流的两大方式。阅读材料，回答问题。材料一“把战争带给亚洲，把财富带回希腊”，在他的征战下，帝国版图西起希腊，东到印度河流域，北抵中亚，南达埃及。摘编自百度百科（1)材料一中的“征战”指的是哪一历史事件？请你对这一历史事件进行评价。（4分）材料二拜占庭国家正遭到奥斯曼人的进攻而走向在西罗马帝国灭亡前后的长期动乱中，许多希灭亡，大批报国无望的知识分子纷纷逃亡到意腊、罗马古典作品毁坏流失，一部分通过拜占庭帝国大利····这些拜占庭学者将大量古希腊和拜占流传到阿拉伯帝国。阿拉伯的学者不但认真研究，还庭时代的古代手稿、文物和书籍带往意大利，激把许多古代作品，如亚里士多德·····著作译成阿拉伯起文艺复兴时期人文主义作家崇尚古典文化的文。许多希腊著作，阿拉伯人不但加以保存，而且广热潮。为传播，给以后西欧的文艺复兴运动带来很大影响。——摘编自陈志强《盛世余晖：拜占庭文明探秘》——摘编自孙秉莹等《世界通史纲要》（2）结合材料二，归纳拜占庭帝国和阿拉伯帝国对欧洲文明发展的贡献。（2分）材料三阿拉伯艺术在长期的发展过程中不断吸收希腊、波斯、印度、两河流域和埃及的特色······阿拉伯地处欧、亚、非三洲要冲，在沟通东西方文化上起着特殊的作用··阿拉伯文化的西传，唤醒了沉睡中的欧洲，促进了文艺复兴运动的早日到来。——摘编自黄运发《略论阿拉伯—伊斯兰文化的成因、成就和世界影响》用”，并概括阿拉伯文化与文艺复兴运动的内在联系。（4分）练（三）·九年级历史第4页（共6页）

取了哪一联合行动？（2分）结果如何？（2分）（3）综合上述材料和问题，请谈谈你对应对危机的看法。（2分）14.阅读材料，完成下列要求。（14分）材料一二战后，世界开始重建，而另一场战争也开始了。曾经击败法西斯的联盟也解体了，在很短的时间里，美国和苏联及其各自的盟国已经摆好了作战的姿势，开始了主要在政治、经济和宣传层面的对抗。摘编自[美］杰里·本特利等《新全球史》材料二二战结束后，美国通过一系列条约构成了在太洋地区遏制共产主义的战略上形成利益共同体。美国亚太同盟体系……有過制和围堵中国之嫌。类命运共同体。【历史第4页（共6页）】·26-CZ50c

12.What can beleamed about sweat testing from paragraph 2?A.It is used widely in hospitalsB. It is not completely new.C. It has already beaten blood testD.It hasn't been studied sufficiently13. How does the author present the application of sweat testing?A. By analyzing statistics.B.By stating arguments.1C..By giving examples.D. By explaining concepts.14. What does the underlined word “obviating" in paragraph 4 mean?A.RecoveringB. Removing.C. Recording.D.Requiring.15.What is the best title for·the text?A. Sweat Analysis Faces Many ChallengesB. Sweat Contains Certain Key Health MarkersC. Sweat Analysis Drives Emerging Technologies ·D: Sweat Enables Painless Health Monitoring第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。What defines a good job is a quesfion. many people think about, especially those preparing to stepinto the workforce — like college graduatesplanning their future paths. 16 However, there areshared qualities that most people agree on wheridescribing a'satisfying job. o e e a positive work environment can transform ordinary duties into something meaningful. _ 17_ It is alsoguided by encouraging leaders who provide constructive feedback. When trust and kindness are present,employees feel safe to share ideas and do their best work every- day. 18_ For instance, receiving training in new software or mastering a professional technique notonly expands your capabilities but also keeps your work dynamic. As you pick up the practical know-Beyond the workplace, a healthy balance between work and personal life is essential. Setting asidetime to rest, pursue hobbies like reading or sports, and connect with loved ones is key to this balance. 19 _ This balance actually mskes people more focused and creative when they are working, benefitingeveryoneinvolved.Of course, a good job should also provide fair and reliable pay that matches your contributions. Thismeans earning enough to comfortably cover daily living:costs while setting aside savings for the future —whether for unexpected expenses orlong-termgoals.20making each workday feel meaningful and completeA.A good job presents challenging tasks.B. This is powered by supportive coworkers.C. It may vary among people, as interests and needs differ.英语试题第5.页（共8页）

more parking(Text 2)M: I heard you were leaving. Is that true?W: You're the second person to ask me. I'm just moving from admissions office to the finance office.M: Oh, good. So it is a promotion for you.(Text 3)W: You still haven't bought a dining table, Jim? Need some money?M: No, thanks. It's just that I can't decide on the right kind of dining table. I might get one like my oldone.(Text 4)W: Where can I get a bus to the museum?M: From bus stop No. 3. Buses run every 30 minutes. The next one leaves at 5:30W: Oh, there's a big queue, so I'll have to wait for the one after that.(Text 5)W: I'm sorry, Bob, but I can't make it to your anniversary party on Saturday.M: Are you off on a business trip?W: Yes, I'm flying out to Amsterdam tomorrow morningM: Oh, that's a big project we've been working on. Good luck!第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍，听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。现在，你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。(Text 6)W: Good morning. You've reached USU Registrar 's office.M: Good morning. I'm calling about registering to study at your university. I'm currently studyingEducation at another school, but I've been giving it a lot of thought, and I think I'm more interestedin Accounting at your universityand forms you'll need to fill inM: How can I get one of those?W: Well, these are usually available from SeptemberM: I see.3

As a student from Linfen,I would suggest encouraging trips around ourhometown to experience the local culture and traditions.Recently,I visited Dingcun,asmall village. I was surprised by its peace and rich cultureBy:Hao Liyan#2▼From:YangzhouFew people know about Yangzhou's rich culture. So,I suggest creatinga"Yangzhou cultural exploration event online.People can share their stories. Also,wecan invile experts to give lessons so that students can leam more about ourhometown's history and traditionsBy:Chen YimingFrom:Chengdu#3Last month. I watched an amazing Sichuan opera show.The performers changedmasks（面 具)quickly with Bianlian skills - it was full of magic! I fell in lovewith it at once! I suggest schools invite artists to teach us some simple Bianlian skills.BY:Liu XiranFrom:Xi'an#4Do you know Xi' an is the start of the Silk Road? That's why we have specialfoods like roujiamo and liangpi! They are what I really take pride in! Iwould suggestcreating a “History Detective”app to let people leam more about our city's wondersand tasty foods in a fun way!39.In Shen’s eyes,what is Dingcun like?A.It is crowded.B.It is full of culture.C. It is very modern now.40.How does Hao think students can leam more about Yangzhou?A.By visiting it.B.By tasting its delicious fC.By listening to experts'lessonsBian41.Why did Chen fall in love with Lilian?A.Because it felt like magic.B.Because it had simple skills.C.Because it made him peaceful42.As for Liu's hometown,what is he really proud of?A.SilkB.Foods.C.Roads.英语试卷第6页共12页

41.C。根据本空前的My2012NewYear'sresolutionwastostartplayingthepianoagain可知，作者2012年新年时下决心重新开始弹钢琴，这说明她高中毕业后因为生活太忙而放弃了弹钢琴。42.A.根据本段中的IplayedthefirstfewbarsoftheWaltzinC-sharpminor和andIwasexcited可知，作者已许久不弹钢琴，这会儿开始弹《升c小调圆舞曲》的开头几小节（bars），她很激动，这说明她表现不错，弹得甚好，连自已都难以相信。sharp意为“升半音，升号”。unnoticeable不显眼的，难以察觉的；unchangeable不可改变的；unrecognizable难以辨认的。43.D。根据本空前的Mymusclememoryworeout quickly,though.I struggledwith the foursharps and可知，本空与woreout和struggled都是用来表现作者弹钢琴的困难的。作者觉得自已的肌肉记忆很快逐渐消失（woreout），这四个升半音都弹得很吃力，她甚至连音符都忘记了。44.B。根据上段中的My2012NewYear'sresolutionwastostartplayingthepianoagain与本句中的Foradecade和everyJanuary可知，作者2012年新年时下决心重新开始弹钢琴，但因为困难重重，几天后她放弃了。10年来，每年1月她都重复着同样的决心。this指代startplayingthe pianoagain。A项（回忆）错误，代入后表示“10年来，每年一月回忆这件事”，但原文强调的是每年都重复“立志又放弃”，而非单纯回忆。45.C。根据上文内容、本句中的broughtback和最后一段中的playingthepiano as ahobbyinmiddleage可知，作者从2012年起，10年来每年都想重拾钢琴，故推断，作者一直以来都对弹钢琴感兴趣，2023年她孩子上钢琴课这件事重新唤起了她的兴趣。A项错误，memory更强调过去的经历和回忆，此时作者不是想起过去的事情，而是受这件事的影响，她重燃对钢琴的兴趣。46. D。根据本空前的We started with simple scales, and my 45-minute lesson was over before可知，作者这次弹钢琴有老师指导，从简单的音阶学起，45分钟的课程不知不觉就结束了。beforeIknewit精准传达出“因投入或专注，感觉上课时间过得很快”的情境。47.B。根据本空前的Ipracticedeveryevening,gradually可知，作者每天练，所以逐渐取得进步。48.A。根据上段内容和本空前的However,asthescalesandpiecesgrewmoredifficultandworkgotbusy可知，作者这次学弹钢琴情况良好，然而，随着音阶和乐曲变得越来越难，再加上工作日益繁忙，弹钢琴这件事渐渐失去了往日的吸引力，故选shine。lostitsshine字面意思为“失去了光泽”，此处为比喻用法，结合前文作者从对弹钢琴有兴趣，到后续因难度和忙碌产生倦怠的语境，可译为“渐渐失去了往日的吸引力”。作者感觉自已像个失败者，羞愧地走回了家。shame强调因自身行为或表现不佳而产生的愧疚、难为情，与本空前的feltlikeafailure形成情绪上的呼应，符合“受挫后羞愧离场”的场景逻辑。50.D。根据本空后的hepracticedandfinallymadeit可知，作者的儿子反复练终于成功，结合句中的but可推断，她儿子是经过了多次失败最终才成功学会潜水。51.A。52.C。结合上文作者学钢琴受挫而羞愧回家的情节可知，作者看到儿子屡败屡试、直到成功，意识到自已需要正视那些不佳表现，需要相信变好的唯一途径是不断练。reflecting（反思）错误，作者没能弹好钢琴不是因为没有反思，而是缺乏练，她自己也意识到了这一点。53.D。根据上文内容和本空后的Ineverhaveenoughtime可知，作者屡次想重拾钢琴，却屡次放弃，再加上工作忙，这次她能坚持一年半，这很不容易。54.B。本空是对playingthe piano as ahobbyin middle age的概括，作者在中年时把弹钢琴作

can't replace.distraction, you're building strength.constantly pontrolled by notifications and impulses, that time becomes worthless.problems.maintain your attention.A. Attention is a skill.wrong.your behaviour.becomes your reality.believe it's true.选项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）Most knowledge workers who struggle to be productive think they have time managementThat's why two people can sit in the same room, experience the same events, yet have 33. How did Shuting Liu introduce her study on glowing plants?39 /And like any skill, it can be trained. Every time you bring your wandering mindA. Weight.A Itis simpler and less expensive.C. By providing statistics.A. By giving examples.3738JYou could have all the time in the world, but if your attention is broken,B. Measure.【高二英语第7页(共10页)】C. Quantity.D. It suits a wider range of plant species. B. It produces more colorful light.B. By defining a concept. D. Color.55. A. relieve54. A. respect53. A. actually52. A. miss51. A. informed49 A. pass48. A. hope47. A. set out46.4A/story42. A. interested41. A. tiringthese things that of kindness can all help toand he decided not tojoyful, and so caring that itthestopped at a corner to wait for a car toyoung man hadBut the thing that 43504555474252 B. guideB warmB/merelyB. riskB. stopBstressB. given up the world and us.B. wordB. rolledB. termB. companyB,botheredB. promising54【高二英语第8页（共10页）】49And I shared aC. letterC. positionC. forbiddingC. witnessC. knowC. barelyCC3. amazedehsured. cardrivedespair got in46that I'd read recently. AD. faling D. county D. puzzledD. ckangeD. looked downD. messageD. wroteD. bookD. handleD. ultimatelyD. saveD. wheelD. runD. energyconfused4841that he53healththe