DHumans evolve（进化）from apes.This iswhat we learned in biology class.Butwhat came beforehumans evolved from fish.According to four articles published in the journal Nature in late September, Chinese researchersfound fish fossils that provide the“missing link” about the origin of the jaw (下颚), a key feature that 99.8percentofvertebrate（脊稚动物）specieshaveZhu Min, a lead researcher of the studies from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that the findingsdrew a large amount of interest in the science world because of the importance of jaws in animal evolution.However, the rise of the jaw had been a secret for a lack of enough fossil evidence to support thatjawedvertebrateslived450millionyearsagoThe latest findings made by Zhu's team presented a set of five surprisingly well-preserved fish fossilsthat included three whole-bodied fish, helping scientists paint a more correct evolutionary picture of theorigin of the jaw. The fish fossils were discovered at two places in Chongqing and Guizhou, whose strata(岩层）date back to the Silurian Time（志留纪) that began around 440 million years ago.These fossils show that jawed fish were already rising in the world's ancient oceans at that time.Later, more different and larger jawed fish evolved and began to spread around the world, paving the wayfor some fish to finally go on land and evolve into other animals — including humans."These fossils provide a good opportunity to understand the ‘dawn of fish' and help scientists tracemany human body structures back to these ancient fish thus filling some key gaps in the evolutionaryhistory of how fish evolved into humans," Zhu saidA.EntertainmentB.AnimalsC.ScienceD.History33.Why did the findings draw a large amount of interest in the science world?A.Because there is a lack of fish fossils.B. Because jaws are a key feature of all speciesC. Because the missing of the jaw had been a mysteryD. Because jaws are significant while animals evolve34. What does the underlined phrase “at that time” refer to?A. Around 440 million years ago.B.Around 450 million years ago.C. When fish evolved into humans.D.When jawed fish began to spread around the world.35.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.Who Are Our Ancestors?B.What CameBefore Apes?C. The Origin of the JawD.Key Steps in Evolution第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Develop Courage by Overcoming Daily FearsSometimes when thinking of courage, we think it only applies to rare and uncommon situations. Yetour ordinary lives can also be full of courage, even if we are not facing the end of a gun, a wild animal or adangerous criminal（罪犯）Courage doesn't just mean doing heroic acts._36_In fact, where there isfear on a daily basis, there are opportunities for you to show your courage. Here are some suggestions todevelop courage by overcoming daily fears.高二英语学科试题第5页（共8页）

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。16.In what season is the woman's birthday?11.What do we know about the man?A.Spring.合He has a big family,.待Summer.B.He runs a grocery store.C.Winter.C.He is in need of money.17.What does the man dislike?12.Why is the woman meeting the man?A.To fix her car.Opening gifts at the party.好To buy a car.B.Remembering every gift-giver.C.To rent a car.C.Writing thank-you letters to gift-givers.听力材料Text9M:This is the best birthday I've ever had!I'm sosatisfied that so many people came.Last year Ifelt a little lonely.(14)13.How will the woman pay the man?W:That's because we were on vacation last year.A.In cash.You can't expect your friends to travel that far,B.By credit card.especially during the spring holidays.(14)款Through her phone..M:Yeah,right!W:I'm surprised to see Eric,though.He livesalmost two hours away.He must really like you.M:Eric has been my best friend since we were ingmiddle school.听力材料Text8W:Paul,right?Sorry for being late-I had troubleW:It's nice that you have so many friends.Youfinding the place.know,I can't wait to start planning my birthdayM:Hello.Yes,I'm Paul.So,this car is the oneparty now.I want to be the center of attentiondescribed on social media-that's where youto0.(15)first found it,right?(12)M:Well,you'll have to wait until June.(16)I,however,get to go home and open my presentsW:Exactly,and that's where I found your number.now.(17)There are so many.It's like ChristmasI read that you've had the car for almost aagain!decade without any problems.W:Why not just open them here?Most people openM:Yeah.Let's have a try.I've had this car for ages,their gifts at the party,you know.Sometimesbut I mainly used it to get groceries onpeople like to see how their gift is received.weekends.So,it's in perfect condition.W:Sounds pretty good.Why are you selling it?M:My family has been getting bigger,so this car istoo small for us.(11)W:Wow,it's perfect for me.I've been looking for aM:I know,but I don't like to have any audiencesecond-hand car like this.(12)I just got a newwhen I open gifts.I always feel hurried.I wantjob,so I don't have much money.to open them one at a time.Besides,my favoriteM:Well,I'm offering it at a discounted price ofpart is writing thank-you letters to everyone forS4,000.their gifts,but it's hard to remember who eachW:OK,it's a deal.How do I pay you?In cash?belongs to when I have to open so many gifts atonce.(17)M:I mentioned in the advertisement that Ipreferred a mobile payment.(13)W:Sure.That works for me too!(13)听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。14.Why was the man unsatisfied with his lastbirthday?18.What is the speaker's suggestion to people inA.He didn't go on vacationCharlotte?B.His best friend didn't turn up.A.Tying cars down.Few people celebrated it with himPreparing extra food and water.15.What does the woman like about the birthdayC.Leaving their home as soon as possibleparty?19.What was the weather like in the speaker's localA.Getting a lot of gifts.area in the last two weeks?Receiving others'attention.A.Windy.B.Sunny.Rainy.C.Playing together with friends.6

but some are able to recognize tha第二节(共5 小题;每小题 2. 5分,满分 12.5 分）cleaner wrasse could pass the mirror tes项为多余选项。（寄生虫）on the fish's throats, and placed arindicating they选项。 realized they were looking at themselves.anted to checkIn a new study, some researchers took it one step furtherby sellingon the streets.Throughotips to help you get started.eachhether the fish could recognize themselves in a photograph..onWrite your material.vith four photos: one of then36 Many comedians talk about their personalheir own face on a different fish's body, and onereturned to their shop and spent the next three years paying theyour audience will be and what will be relatable to them. For45for the next trip.xample, youralways attack intruders（人侵者）. In the studythey attackedclassmatesMohana had always been46 about the outside world, but never had theuld probably understand your funny confish but not thchance before marrying Vijayan. Their first journey together was to Egypt, whichly may not.37of their face on another body butlots of visitors every year.Once she'd gottena48_of life outside of Indiaup charactersshe was addicted. “I was quite nervous 49"she says,“Going abroad was likgoing into the unknown."gether.Once you haveTraveling has opened up the couple's minds so much. They've been to many natural and man-made50all over the world,51_them in wonder.VijayanBetween jokesremembered howhe was as they sat on the Eurostar train from London toYou should conclude with a strong “closer", oneParis years ago.laughing.Vijayan and Mohana haven't finished their adventures and their _53ou've created your set, it's time to practice. You can perform ine whole world.“Life is beautiful. We enjoy it!"is Vijayanand play it back. This will help yo see how long54us all that no matter what55face us,if there’s a will, there's alwayse you might make changes. Next, perform in front of friends orC.They drove it off.way.33.What werethe cleaner wrasse expected to do in t41. A. mistakeB. livingC.decisionconfusingD.difference40A. Pass the mirror test.B.Escape the intruders.B.changeC.exploreD. supportWhen you're ready to perform, remember to take a few deep breaths. Then42. A. controlC.Attack unfamiliar fishD.Recognize their photo43.A.set asideB. added upC.gave outD.took inrelax, be yourself, and have fun!C.failureD.proposals44. A. survivalB. adventuresA. Notice.A. Plan a performance.B.Judge.C.ValueD. RecordC.competingD.savingB. applying45.A. renting35.Which view may Kohda agree with? B. Perfect your routine.B.positiveC.curiousD.concC. Take notes and make changes when necessary.46.A.annoyeoC.confusesD.requiresA.Vertebratesumans.B.protectsD.To begin writing jokes, start brainstorming topics.47.A.attractsB. Many animals have self-recognition.B. tasteC.senseD.symbol48. A. smellB. by chanceC.at firstD.by no meanC.Some fish build a mental dy's model49. A. at presentC.shopsD.organizationB.greenhousesD.Cleaner wrasse have a gentle personality50.A.sightsC.admiringD.recognizingB.recommendingA improving

paragraphfavoriWhatdoesmainlytalkbout?IwonA.Sports hours.vefruitB.Individual activitieswhat tlandpeopleonlyohieC. Sports for students.Deeasily losetoloseD.Modern sports.thealandweight,（衡right aboutWhich of the followingcan travelof the diet.aroitheWeworld)2wanthappilywithdo somethingWEnetball?anbody.Howevthere'shewoutwo or moreA.It's a sport playedChhdouh（疑问）9thatweVII.口语交际notteamsbody.So itwithOurlifeweakplayers.necessaryB.Each team has seven阅读下座bodyhave a good10择恰当的选abalandC.It is the same as basketball.bodydiet makes ourstronger辑。（其中有D.Only girls play this sport.thabeforehealthy lifestyle.Let'shave·aA:Wouldunderlinedword"tossWhat does theVI.任务型阅读理解（共Saturdain the passage mean？小题；每小题2分，满分10分）B:Sorry，B.Hit.A.Throw.阅读下面材料，并按要D.Watch.SaturdaC.Put.求完成1至5小题。When I was five,A:HowIf you are a 15-year-old student in themovedto AmericaB:1.UK.how long do you have sports in awith myparents.remember the firstA:WhatHalloween I had inweek on average?Imerica.B:The sOnHalloweenA.For about 30 minutes.morningvisitedaA:2.B. For about 60 minutes.pumpkin（南瓜）farmwith mylassmates.B:No,C.For about l00 minutes.Each ofbroughtuspumpkinschool.Iit.ItD.For about 120 minutesused thepumpkinmake a lante（灯）.ItA:3.D10What is the structure of thehad two big eyes and a scarypassage?mouth①In theA.①/②③/④567B:Twiafternoon,weputHalloweenoncostumes.B.①/②/③④5674.Someof the costumes were nice,out some ofA:YesC.①/②3/④56/7themlookedscary.woreSuperman'sD.①/②/③④56/7Basclothes.任务型完形填空（共10空；每空1分，满分B:5.My favoritepart was"trickor treat”in10分）A:Bethe evening.After dinner,I went outside with用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短A.Ian emptybagI hoped toget a lot of candy通顺、正确、连贯，每个单词限用一次。B.Wfrompeople.②Atfirst,wasSodoctor,everybody,most,feel,keep，C.Wwhenknockedthefirstdoor,myheartcould,alsoonce,in，PoooD.DwasbeatingveryfastA ladyandIcame outOne day，Iate a lotof food,E.carefullysuchsaidasher"Tricktreat.Mymburgersandice-creammidnight，IF.Atvoice（声音）wasSOlowthat Icould hardlystomachhurtbadly,hear it myself.G.SOmyTomysurprisethe ladywasto the hospitalsentme right away.Thekind andgavecandyme twobars.I thankedVII.toldmethat Iate toomuchandher andthenmovedon.Icouldn'trememberfoodunhealthywashadnstayhowmanyhousesvisited,填空hospital forbutcouldleast threedays.rememberhowom thenmuchcandy II realizedgot.I was reallythat I should keep a1.althy diet.excitedday.When did the writerWhat1.a healthymost1Sdiet? To 4to America?2.Dcheople,a healthy diet means more greenteWhat did the lantern look like?d nojunkfood.Yery5their优3.InaatWl第4页（共6页）【英语·八年级GS（第2期）··闯关卷（二）】

尔最川珊本部分共5题,共58分。15. (10分)氯及其化合物在科研和工农业生产中有着广泛的应用。(1)基态原子价层电子轨道表示式是(2)三氯乙酸(CClCOOH)主要用作生物化学药品提取。①三氯乙酸的酸性强于乙酸，原因是②按如下示例，画出乙酸分子的空间结构模型：（示例：乙醇的空间结构模型可以表示为(3)聚氯乙烯广泛用于建筑管材等，由氯乙烯合成：nCH=CHCl-CF①合成反应为放热反应，说明碳碳间的π键与键中，更牢固的是②在CH=CHCI中，C的1个轨道与Cl的3p轨道重叠形成C-Clα键。(4)CHClCHCl是制备氯乙烯的原料。在含铜化合物A、B的作用下,HCl、O、乙烯转化为CHCICHCl,过程如图1所示。HCl、OCH_CICH_CLCLCH=CH图1图2①图2表示的是（填"A"或“B")的晶胞。②图2所示晶胞的形状为立方体，边长为anm。阿伏加德罗常数为N,该晶体的密度为g·cm-。(1 nm=10-7 om)高三化学试卷第5页（共9页）

2024一2025学年高二（上)质检联盟期中考试化学参考答案1.A2.C3.B4.D5.D6.C7.A8.B9.C10.D11.B12.A13.B14.C15.(1)①FeCl—Fe++3Cl(2分)②通过增大溶液中H+的浓度来抑制FeCl的水解（2分）③Fe3++3HO—Fe(OH)3（胶体)十3H+(2分)④氧化性(2分)(2)①强电解质(2分）②CaSO+CO²—CaCO+SO²(2 分);1.25 X104(2分)16.(1)便于观察锥形瓶中溶液颜色的变化(2分）(2)锥形瓶(2分）（3)KMnO可用作指示剂（或其他合理答案，2分）(4)6H++2MnO+5HO—2Mn++5O↑+8HO(2分);2 :5(2分)(5)16.176(2分)(6)CD(2分)17.(1)加快反应速率，提高原料的利用率(2分)OH+_HO+(HO)1 OH8+-O——OH+_HO0I+ +1()2CrO²+8HO(2分)(3)漏斗(1分)；引流(1分)(4)Cu(OH)(2分);取过滤后的滤液，向其中滴人KSCN溶液，若出现红色，则有Fe3+，反之，则无(2分)(5)>(1分)(6)①-lg c(SO²-)(2分)②1×10-4(2分)18.（1)①弱酸强碱盐（2分）②5(2分)③c(Na+)>c(CO²-)>c(OH)>c(HCO)>c(H+)(2分)④10-10.25(2分);8.31(2分)(2)①Mg（OH)—Mg++2OH（2分）②

D.反应HCOOH*→HCOO*+H*为决速步骤（活化能最大）C.HCOO*是反应中间体B.反应HCOOH（g）→CO（g）+H（g）的△H>09.在某金（Au5）催化剂表面HCOOH分解的能量与反应历程（吸附在金催化剂表面上的物种用*标注）A.首先断裂的化学键是H-O键下列说法错误的是8.下列说法错误的是如图所示：6.下列事实不能用勒夏特列原理解释的是D.HCI和NaOH的稀溶液反应生成1molHO(l）的反应热△H=-57.3kJ·mol，则HSO和Ba（OH）C.已知：500℃、30MPa下，N(g）+3H（g）B.2H(g）+O(g）-2HO(g)A.在热化学方程式中，H数值的大小与热化学方程式的化学计量数成正比HO(1)CHOH（I）的△H为D.黄绿色的氯水光照后颜色变浅A.-44.2kJ·mol-1C.加压有利于合成氨反应A.Fe（SCN）：溶液中加入固体KSCN后颜色变深C.在该温度范围内催化剂活性最强A.高温有利于提高反应物的衡转化率的稀溶液反应生成2molHO（l）的反应热△H=2X（-57.3）kJ·mol-这是因为和过量的N2在此条件下充分反应，放出热量小于46.2kJ=-241.8kJ·mol1总能量-2.0-1.0-0.500.5【高二10月联考·化学第2页（共6页）】B.+44.2 kJ·mol-1HCOOH(g)000HCOOHHCOO*+H*过渡态（0）HCOO*|H*TO2H2NH(g）过渡态C.-330kJ·mol-1D.在该温度下反应的衡常数最大B.高温能使逆反应速率减慢CO(g)H*|H*CO(g）|2H△H=-##全##过渡态千人##不#-92.4kJ·mol，将1.5molH######CO(g）H*反应历程CO(g）H(g)工D.+330kJ·mol-1H△变销######△H

永昌县第一高级中学2024一2025-1期中考试卷·高二政治参考答案、提示及评分细则1.B材料表明了哲学的重要性，哲学可以为人们提供世界观和方法论的指导，哲学探究的是整个世界最一般最普遍的规律，①④符合题意。材料不涉及哲学的来源，②不符合题意。正确的哲学可指导人们正确地认识世界和改造世界，③错误。2.D我们所需要的新哲学，…须是从中国本来的传统中生出的，这就需要从中国哲学传统中找到马克思主义哲学与中国哲学的贯通处和结合点；中国共产党推进马克思主义中国化，开辟马克思主义新境界，②④符合题意。马克思主义哲学作为真正的哲学对我国社会发展起指导作用而非支配作用，也不提供具体路径，①③不选。3.C坚持发扬斗争精神，全力战胜前进道路上各种困难和挑战，这是基于物质决定意识，意识可以能动地指导人们改造客观世界，②③符合题意。意识对客观存在的反映有正确与错误之分，①不选。战胜一切困难和挑战既要发挥主观能动性，还要尊重客观规律，④错误。4.C美国杜克大学开发出全球首款基于凝胶的软骨替代品，它比真实的软骨更坚固、更耐用，可用于修复膝盖，表明人们可以利用客观条件建立新的具体的联系，C正确。人为事物的联系和自在事物的联系都是客观的，不存在谁比谁更高级，A不选。人为事物的联系是实践的产物，B不选。固有的联系具有客观性，是不以人的意志为转移，是不能改变的，D不选。5.A一脉相承的战略路径体现事物都有前后相继的发展过程，①正确。由我国科技事业发展的百年历程可以看出事物发展的方向是前进的和上升的，②正确。事物的发展是量变与质变的统一，③错误。“改变事物发展的总趋势”说法错误，④不选。6.D总体上看，国际格局发展战略态势对我国有利，同时，共建“一带一路”国际环境日趋复杂，体现了要全面又要分清主流、支流，③正确；要抓住战略机遇，积极应对挑战，趋利避害，奋勇前进，说明承认矛盾普遍性，敢于承认并寻找正确方法解决矛盾，④正确；材料强调矛盾主次方面，未体现主次矛盾，①排除；材料没有涉及矛盾主次方面相互转化，②排除。7.B利用“中国天眼”(FAST),我国天文学家发现76颗偶发脉冲星，说明人类凭借认识工具促进认识发展，①正确；这些偶发脉冲星的辐射机制和物理性质还有待进一步的研究，但是“中国天眼”已经为我们提供了大量的观测数据和证据，说明感性认识有待于发展、深化为理性认识，③正确；认识发展具有无限性，且真理的发展并不是由认识的无限性决定的，②排除；材料强调感性认识上升到理性认识需要有大量的感性材料，而非反复思考，④排除。8.B漫画反映的是在研学旅游中存在“游而不学”的问题，因此要注重研究性学，融学于游，真正研有所学，①③正确；要将理论知识与实际应用相结合，达到知行合一，而不是让“行万里路”替代“读万卷书”，②错误；漫画不是强调应如何选择研学项目，④排除。9.B江苏深化市场化改革促进发展质量稳步提升，是基于改革是社会主义社会发展的直接动力，社会主义社会的基本矛盾是非对抗性的，可以通过改革来解决，①④符合题意；③夸大了意识的作用，不选；②与设问不构成因果关系，不选。10.D法律的修改属于上层建筑的调整，而不是属于生产关系的调整，排除①，②正确；上层建筑为先进经济基础服务时，它就能促进生产力发展，推动社会进步，③错误；法律属于社会意识范畴，法律的修改说明社会意识随着社会存在的变化发展而变化发展，④正确。11.C社会提供的客观条件是实现人生价值的前提，②错误；自觉站在最广大人民立场上，把人民群众的利益作为最高的价值标准，④错误。科技特派员扎根基层为广大农民及时化解疑难问题，为乡村振兴作出贡献，说明在劳动和奉献中实现人生价值，要在个人与社会的统一中实现人生价值，①③正确。12.A当前社会人生价值的评判标准是对社会的责任和贡献，剧中角色人物自强不息、有坚定的理想信念和责任担当，其正向价值观彰显了当前社会人生价值的评判标准；也说明应摆脱狭隘的自我，把个人价值的实【高二期中考试卷·政治参考答案第1页（共2页）】25-T-267B

二、选择题Ⅱ（本大题共7题，每小题3分，共21分。每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，不选、多选、错选均不得分）18.唯物史观和剩余价值学说奠定了科学社会主义的理论基石，使社会主义实现了由空想到科学的伟大飞跃。科学社会主义相比空想社会主义的进步性体现在①揭露资本主义的端，设计未来社会的美好蓝图②找到消灭资本主义社会和建立新社会的强大力量③主张阶级调和，反对通过阶级斗争进行社会变革①系统论述无产阶级政党的性质、任务和策略原则A. ①②B. ①③C.②④D.③④19.近代以来，中国人民在追求民族复兴的道路上进行了不懈的探索，也得出了许多结论。下列选项中史实与结论对应正确的是①辛亥革命前后诸多艰辛探索的失败一—在近代中国，资本主义道路走不通②党领导人民取得新民主主义革命的胜利——没有共产党就没有新中国A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④20.2024年的《开学第一课》以“可爱的中国”为主题，邀请各行各业杰出代表讲述接续奋斗、创新创造故事，展现新时代奋进者的家国情怀和使命担当。据此分析，这期节目的播放旨在①凝聚实现中华民族伟大复兴的青春力量②坚持和发展中国特色社会主义理论体系③汇聚民意以推进党的建设新的伟大工程④培养合格的社会主义事业建设者接班人A.①②B.①④C. ②③D.③④21.1840年，英舰炮火轰开国门；1895年，北洋水师败于口舰，近代屈辱激发中华民族强军梦。而今，2024年，中国海军焦作舰威仪穿越英吉利海峡，辽宁舰首抵日本领海毗连区，先进舰艇自信巡航国际水域，尽显中国海军之崛起。某班同学想以此为素材出板报，与我国发展理念相契合的标题是A.舰影破浪，国威重振B.铁骑入海，守卫各邦C.海疆霸主，重铸辉煌D.龙游四海，剑指列强22.从90多年前中国人首次踏上奥运舞台，到2024年巴黎奥运会上中国代表团获得的金牌总数位居榜首，这一辉煌成就不仅见证了无数奥运健儿的拼搏与汗水，更是中国人民不追求体育强国梦想、奋力实现中国梦的生动缩影。近百年的逐梦征程进一步证明了①中国梦归根到底是人民的梦，必须紧紧依靠人民来实现②中国梦是中华儿女的梦，离不开每·个中华儿女的奋斗③中国梦不仅能造福中国人民，也能够造福世界各国人民④中国人民有信心和能力实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦A.①②③B.①②④C.②③④D.①③④23.“十个明确”是中国特色社会主义思想最为核心关键的组成部分，是支撑中国特色社会主义思想的“四梁八柱”。对“十个明确”理解正确的是①中国特色社会主义最本质的特征是全过程人民民主②坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的总任务是实现社会主义现代化和中华民族伟大复兴③中国特色社会主义事业总体布局是四个全面，战略布局是五位一体④全面推进依法治国总目标是建设中国特色社会主义法治体系、建设社会主义法治国家A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④24.从社会形态的变革看，人类社会历史发展的基本过程是从低级形态向高级形态依次更替，当·个口的社会形态衰亡时，代替它的新社会形态也不是任意的，而是由社会基本矛盾运动决定着。据此分析，下列说法正确的是①人类社会形态更替的多样性能通过统一性反映出来②受多种因素影响，各民族历史发展进程有其特殊性高一政治试题第4页（共6页）

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