湖南师大附中2021级高三摸底考试试卷生物学参考答案一、单项选择题（本题共12小题，每小题2分，共24分。每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。）题号24689101112答案ABB0DADCD1.A【解析】原核细胞内的DNA一组蛋白体的组成成分与真核细胞内的染色体相同，但结构不同，A错误；细胞质中植入活的大肠杆菌产生ATP的功能与线粒体的功能相似，都是提供能量，B正确；细胞骨架是细胞内一套由蛋白质纤维组成的系统，具有物质运输、能量转换和信息传递等功能，C正确；本研究过程是从原核细胞一步步构建成模拟真核细胞，从细胞起源和进化的角度分析，这一研究可以为生物有共同的祖先提供证据，D正确。2.B【解析】分析题图可知：蔗糖运输到筛管需要SU载体，动力是H浓度差，属于主动运输，A正确；其运输速率不仅与H叶浓度差有关，也与SU载体的数量或空间结构有关，B错误；SU载体功能缺陷的叶肉细胞中，蔗糖的运输会受阻，进而会积累更多的蔗糖，C正确；研究该机制，可以更好地了解蔗糖产生后的去向，以便了解光合产物的分配规律，从而对提高作物产量具有重要意义，D正确。3.C【解析】[H]的氧化发生于线粒体内膜，推测线粒体内膜上的细胞色素c可能参与[H]的氧化，A正确；当细胞衰老时，释放的细胞色素℃较多，C-9酶更容易被活化，细胞更容易走向凋亡，B正确；C-9酶和C-3酶的活化能促进细胞调亡，故抑制癌细胞的C-9酶或C-3酶可促进癌细胞增殖，C错误；细胞调亡的过程是基因的选择性表达，也有新的基因表达和某些生物大分子的合成，凋亡的细胞内有些酶活性增加，如C-9酶和C-3酶，D正确。4.C【解析】B和B2是一个精原细胞经减数第一次分裂形成的两个次级精母细胞，二者含有的性染色体形态不同，A错误；B,和B2是减数第一次分裂产生的子细胞，是由于同源染色体分离造成的，所以二者遗传信息不同，B错误；A1、A2是体细胞，核DNA分子数目为2n,B、B2是次级精母细胞，核DNA分子数为2n,C、C2、D、D2是精细胞，核DNA分子数正常为n,虽然D和D2发生了染色体变异，但不影响核DNA分子总数，所以核DNA分子数目A=A=B=B=C十C2=D十D2,C正确；D变异的原因是姐妹染色单体移向了一极，如果是由于纺锤丝的形成受阻，则不会分裂形成两个子细胞，染色体数目会加倍，D错误。5.D【解析】根据启动子和终止子的位置，确定转录方向是从左往右，因此模板链只能是3'→5'的B链，A正确；启动子是RNA聚合酶识别和结合的部位，过程①转录中RNA聚合酶与启动子结合后相继驱动多个基因（基因1、基因2等)的转录，B正确；从图上看，rRNA能与RPI、RP2及其他核糖体蛋白结合形成核糖体；mRNA上的RBS是核糖体结合位，点，当细胞中缺乏rRNA分子时，RPI不与rRNA结合而是与mRNA上的RBS位，点结合，导致核糖体不能与RNA结合，进而阻止翻译的起始，C正确；过程①是转录，②是翻译，碱基互补配对的方式不完全相同，原核细胞没有线粒体，因此需要的能量不是来自线粒体，D错误。6.B【解析】肺炎患者肺部血管通透性增大，可导致血浆蛋白渗出，从而组织液渗透压相对升高，引起肺水肿，A正确；神经细胞的静息电位是由钾离子外流引起的，静脉滴注氯化钠对神经细胞的静息电位影响不大，B错误；肺水肿时，新冠肺炎重症患者容易出现呼吸肌疲劳，当呼吸肌收缩时，其肺部扩张不足，氧气难以入肺，进而使身体得到的氧气减少，同时肺泡内渗出液增多，使得肺泡壁增厚，影响了肺泡与周围毛细血管的气体交换，会导致血氧饱和度下降和酸碱衡失调，C正确；血浆肝酶含量高于正常值说明肝细胞膜的通透性增加，肝细胞可能受到一定程度的损伤，D正确。7.D【解析】由图可知，Y、Y2、Y,是浆细胞分泌的三种抗体，作用原理不同。胰岛B细胞可以直接感受血糖浓度升高而分泌胰岛素，抗体Y1与胰岛B细胞上的受体结合以后，使胰岛B细胞无法感受血糖浓度的变化，从而不能分泌胰岛素，A正确；根据题图分析可知，图中②所示的患病机理是抗体Y2直接作用于胰岛B细胞，导致胰岛素分泌减少，血糖浓度升高，B正确；抗体Y?与靶细胞上的胰岛素受体结合，使胰岛素与其受体的结合机会减少，若其靶细胞是肝生物学参考答案（附中版）一1

(3)高抑制心博强度，对心率基本无影响（2分)用3.0V的电刺激迷走交感神经干用10.0V电刺激迷走交感神经干迷走神经和交感神经对心脏影响结果记录表(4分，标题1分，表格1分，每个步骤结果1分)操作滴加阿托品后电极刺激滴加普茶洛尔后电极刺激心博强度增加减弱心率增加（或不变)减慢Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）2024届高三第一次联考生物参考答案第2页共2页

第30期A版测试题参考答案1-5 CBBBC6-10 CBBAA11-15 ACABC16-20 ACAAC21:25 DBBDB26-30 DCADD31-35 BBADC36-40 CFADE41-45 CAADB46-50 CABCD51-55 CAABC56-65 (One possible vhrsion)56.remains57.harmful58.a59.observing60.to get61.is designed62.creation63.for64.skillfully65.wh0写作(One possible version)第一节Dear Chris,I'm writing to tell you about the scheduleof the calligraphy course we signed up forlast week.The course is starting next week and isarranged at 10:00 am every Saturday,eachlesson lasting for two hours.During theclass,the teacher will firstly introduce somebasic knowledge of calligraphy,like thedevelopment of calligraphy.Afterwards,wewill receive some practical writing training.By the way,I suggest we read somethingabout calligraphy in advance so that we canbetter master the calligraphy skills.And ifyou have any questions,please let me know.Yours,Li Hua第二节Paragraph 1:I stopped by Joe's house later.I asked totalk to him and his mother looked worried.When I said I would praise him for his goodbehavior,she looked so surprised.I told Joethat I had seen him help a little girl on hisway back home,and that I didn't get out ofmy car because he had everything undercontrol.I told him that he handled the emer-gency perfectly and that I thought he was ahero.Then I saw Joe's beautiful smile againParagraph 2:His mother expressed gratitude to me asshe showed me to the door.She was movedto tears because it was so rare for Joe toshow kindness and to be.recognized in apositive way.As a mother,she always worriesabout her son's future and the challenges hefaces from society.After that,I tried mybest to let more kids and parents knowabout Joe.We began to treat him with morepatience.Later,Joe became a member of theactivity club.And he has lots of friends now.

could have looked like during the lifetime of Hans Christian Andersen.Grown-ups andyoungsters thoroughly enjoy the toy gallery,and few can oppose the charm of costumed re-enactors(重演者)exhibiting the way of life of a past period.Legoland BillundOpen to the public in 1968,this fascination is particularly for children.The minilandshow is especially fascinating with its small presentation of numerous widely popularstructures and places.It develops more than 50 million LEGO blocks.LEGOREDO Townprovides visitors with a wild west feeling of experience while Knights'Kingdom layseverything out for fantasy investigation.Little MermaidThe sculpture of The Little Mermaid sits on a stone in the Copenhagen harbor atLangelinie in Denmark.Sightseers visiting interestingly are much of the time amazed by themoderately little size of the sculpture.The Little Mermaid sculpture is just 1.25 metres highand weighs around 175 kg.Planned by Edvard Eriksen,the sculpture was raised in 1913 tocelebrate a play of The Little Mermaid by Hans Christian Andersen.21.What can a visitor do in Lair Gamle By?A.Build Lego blocks freely.B.Admire the Renaissance palace.C.Get a wild west feeling of experience.D.Experience the way of life of a past period.22.Which place particularly appeals to children?A.Kronborg Castle.B.Lair Gamle By.C.Legoland Billund.D.Little Mermaid.23.When was Little Mermaid built?A.In1574.B.In1909.C.In1913.D.In1968.办What do you do with your clothes that you don't want to wear anymore?Throughcutting,stitching()and redesigning,Baxter Salzwedel has found a fashionable way to besustainable(可持续的).In March,recycling clothes earned the 17-year-old from Elkhart Lake-Glenbeulah HighSchool in Wisconsin,US,a finalist spot in the Young Entrepreneurs competition.Thecompetition was hosted by Junior Achievement of Wisconsin,a non-profit organization.Hewon a scholarship of 10,000 for his sustainable clothing brand The Mad Patcher.In the beginning,Salzwedel just worked with clothes for fun.He learned his sewingskills at a young age from his grandmother.He then started to tear up his old jeans to try andcreate cool new designs.The fun hobby quickly turned into a business for Salzwedel when hisfriends and classmates started asking him to make customized clothing for them."So many people wanted them that I wasn't going to make 150 pairs of pants for free,sothat was when I had to start making a business out of it,"Salzwedel told the SheboyganPress.In 2021,Salzwedel started his clothing brand.He uses colourful and patterned fabrics(from other clothes to create his patchwork()designs,like jeans,shirts and jackets.He only uses donated or recycled materials to ensure maximum sustainability.Salzwedel has earned thousands of dollars through selling his clothes,and he donated 25percent of his profits to non-profit organizations.Talking about the competition,Salzwedel said,"It was exciting to do that and meet allsorts of young people with similar ideas.【高三英语第3页（共8页）】23206C

江西省重点中学九校协作体2023届高三第一次联考参考答案听力：1-5 CABCC 6-10 ABACA 11-15 ABBCB 16-20 BACCA阅读：A篇：BDAB篇：CDAC C篇：ABBD D篇：BDCA36-40 FCDEG完型：41-45 BDCBA 46-50 BCDAC 51-55 ABDAC 56-60 BCDAD短文填空：61.contributions62.for63.which64.ones65.were delivered66.had been used 67.A68.surely69.to bring70.influential语法改错：To make our life colorful,my classmates and I took part in a picking activity on a farm locating in thelocatedsuburb of our city on last Sunday.Upon our arrival,we were all deep attracted by that we saw.Lovely fruits,such as peaches anddeeplywhatcherries,hang on the green branch,whicn made us realiy excuea.As soon as they were divided into smallhungbrancheswegroups,we workea separately.As time passed by,the activity came to end ana au or us gained variousanfresh and tasty fruits.Tired although I was,I found it worthwhile and get close to nature could benefit us athough/aslot.getting书面表达：Dear Tony,Sorry to learn that you are having trouble in getting accustomed to the new school.Actually almosteveryone exposed to an entirely alien environment has the same problem.I'm convinced that you canmanage to get over the difficulty through your effort.Perhaps the following suggestions are helpful.In most cases,the language barrier becomes a major obstacle,and thus learning the local languagewell is bound to make your daily life easier.Additionally,it is advised to take an active part in class andafter-school activities,which can help your classmates learn more about you.It's also a good idea to makefriends and develop new relationships,which will surely relieve your loneliness and anxiety.In conclusion,adaptation is a process.Just be patient,and you'll gradually enjoy yourself here.Wishto see your improvement soon.Yours,Li hua

30.What is De Giordany'a suggestion towards using social media?A.Social media should sct a minimum age limit.B.Teenagers should have right to any social networking sites.C.Parents should monitor what is accessible to their children.D.Teenagers should be free to use social media for their problems.31.What is the main idea of the text?A.Social media have bad effects on teenagers.B.More and more teenagers use social media.C.Social media promote teenagers'communication skills.D.Teenagers have better developed their personalities online.DWe are naturally drawn to friends and colleagues with familiar voices.scientists have found.Pcople prefer those who have a similar accent,intonation and tone of voice to themselves,theydiscovered.Previous research has focused on how a male or female voice sounds.Men with deeper voicesand women with slightly higher voices were thought to sound more attractive.But the new study,published by a linguist in Canada,suggests there is a more complexmechanism (at play.Dr.Molly Babel,from the University of British Columbia in Canada,said,"The voice is an amazingly flexible tool that we use to construct our identity.Very fewthings in our voices are changeless,so we felt that our preference had to be about more than aperson's shape and size."She recorded 30 volunteers'voices and asked each to rate the others'attractiveness on ascale of one to nine.Each participant was from Western America,with similar accents.The peoplewe assessed were all in the same dialect group,but they showed different degrees."We seem to like people whose voices are like ourvoiees,and we like people who fit withinwhat we know,"Dr.Babel said.She also found that breathy voices in women -typified by thefamous American actress Marilyn Monroe -were seen as more attractive.The breathy tone,caused by younger and'thinner vocal cords(庐声带)，implied youthfulness andhealth.A creaky voice,suggesting a person has a cold or is tired,was seen as unattracuve.Theparticipant preferred men who spoke with a shorter average word length and deeper voices.32.The main purpose of the passage is toA.compare male voices with female voicesB.inform readers of the new findings of voicesC.encourage men to use deeper voices to speakD.rate people's voices on a scale of one to nine33.In terms of voice preferences,the new findings stressA.body size and shapeB.a shorter word lengthC.the same social groupsD.thicker vocal cords34.Dr.Molly Babel mentions Marilyn Monroe in order to_A.introduce a popular film starB.explain a breathy voiceC.question previous researchD.comvince people of her charm35.Whose voice may be attractive according to the passage?A.A young lady with thin voice.B.An old lady with thick voice.C.A deep-voiced man with a dry throat.D.A little man with a quiet and gentle voice.英语试卷第5页（共8页）

Amy went home,feeling worse.I get angry easily.When my parents are unfair,Iget a terrible 8.feeling (feel)and want toⅡ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。shout at someone or 9.throw(throw)things.1.In fact,Amy is under a lot ofstressIf my friends 10.borrow (borrow)my things(stress)these days,too.and forget to return them,I'll be angry,too.2.She worked hard,but her grades dropped-Leo(drop)a lot.3.Her parents asked her to do more houseworkthan her little brother.It's unfair(fair).gg第3版Section B要点归纳☆vaste4.They said they wanted Amy to developn.浪费；垃圾(develop)her independence.a waste of time浪费时间5.Amy found some drinks(drink)and·v.浪费；滥用snacks,and suddenly,she came up with an ideawaste.onsb./sth.在某人/某物上浪费.of having a party.waste..(in)doing sth.浪费...做某事☆provide v..提供；供应provide sb.with sth.相当于provide sthsb,表示“给某人提供某物”Amy felt happy and relaxed after the party.Do youknow why?☆ill adj.Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。·作表语，意为“有病；不舒服”，与sck同义；1.埃米认为她的父母可能会说开派对是浪费时作定语，意为“坏的；不良的；有害的”，间。与bad同义。Amy thought her parents might say having aparty was awasteoftime2.然而，他们同意了埃米的想法，还为她提供了☆sick adj..(身体或精神)生病的，有病的一些美味的食物。可用作定语或表语。However,they agreed with Amy and providegsome delicious food forher.同根据汉语提示完成对话。每空词数不限。3.为了举办一个很棒的派对，埃米自己打扫了房子。Inordertohave aA:I 1.provide you with(为你提供)步great party,Amy cleaned the house herself.everything you want.Why do you refuse to take4.在聚会上她把朋友们照顾得很好。the art classes?She tookgoodcare练B:Because I don't like art,Mom.It is 2ofher friends at the party.a waste of time(浪费时间)todo5.她意识到她现在可以依靠自己了。something I don't like.Don't 3.She realized she coulddependonwaste money on(在..上浪费钱)theherself now.art classes.We need it to look after my 4.(I-Ⅲ题连起来是一篇完整的语篇哦」sick(生病的)father.你注意到了吗？)Amy felt bored and went out of her home.IV.阅读Section B中的短文，完成下图，每空词数基I,根据首字母及汉语提示填写单词。不限。础L.Amy visited Sandy,her neighbor_(邻居).peteThed leam to be independen,the2it is for their future.2.Sandy was ill(生病的)in bed,and sheMr.SmithReasons:训felt really upset.AgreeDoing chores helps to develop theirindependence3.She said her parents loved her sister more andShould young练that there was no fairness_(公)or true love.chores at home?Opinion:There is 6.no need for kids to do housework now.Itis a 7.wasteoftime.4.“Since(既然)I'm their daughter,too,whyDisagreedon't they love me?"Sandy asked.Ms.Miller“Anyway_(而且)，I always get better gradesave toy 9.get olderthan my sister,'Sandy added.7

53.D。54.B。根据本段中的At first,,a grand plie was out of the..'d bend down and couldn'tget up again.But after three months,I.it可知，对于Leverton来说，刚开始，深蹲是不可能的，她膝盖弯曲以后就站不起来了，但是，三个月后，她做到了。out of the question不可能的；make it做到。55.A。根据本句Being overweight,Leverton.her ankles wouldn't take it可知，因为超重，Leverton担心自己的脚踝无法承受。56.C。结合全文语境可知，设空处所表达的意思应与learning something new接近，指Leverton喜欢接受挑战，学新东西，故difficult符合语境。57.C。根据本句People in their60 s have a lot of...beliefs,like‘'m not good enough.可知，Leverton认为，60多岁的人有很多自我限制的想法，例如，“我不够好。”58.B。根据下文中的she found she had grown almost an inch and her back pain had eased可知，芭蕾改变了Leverton。59.D。根据上文和本句A few months after Leverton's first,she found she had grown almostan inch and her back pain had eased可知，第一节芭蕾舞课上完后的几个月，Leverton发现自己长高了一英寸，背痛也减轻了。60.A。根据本句中的I will.dancing ballet in the future,as it is the only cure-all I'll ever need可知，Leverton今后会继续跳舞。cure-all万灵药，灵丹妙药。第二节主题语境：人与自然一一环境保护本文是说明文。碳标签的使用在一定意义上能够帮助减少碳排放。61.its。考查代词。设空处修饰itineraries,表示“它的”，故填形容词性物主代词its。62.actually。考查副词。设空处作状语，表示“实际上”，故填actually。63.ow。考查连接词。设空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作方式状语，此句意为“人们如何往返于他们的（出发地和）目的地之间”，故填how。64.or。考查连词。whether...or not是…（还是）。65,different。考查形容词。根据语境可知，设空处作表语，表示“不同的”，故填形容词different。66.to see。考查动词不定式。设空处所在句为tis.(for sb..)to do sth.句型。本句中的It是形式主语，真正的主语为其后的动词不定式短语，故填to see。67.visited。考查一般过去时。由句中的时间状语One day可知，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，故填visited。68.talking。考查固定搭配。couldn't stop doing sth.无法停止做某事。69.to。考查介词。lead to导致。70.customers。考查可数名词的复数。customer为可数名词，由其后的their可知，此处应填其复数形式customers。【补充说明】1.Google Flights:Google航班，是搜索引擎Google用来搜寻航班的工具。2.carbon labeling:碳标签，是为了缓解气候变化，减少温室气体排放，推广低碳排放技术把商品在生产过程中所排放的温室气体排放量在产品标签上用量化的指数标示出来，以标签的形式告知消费者产品的碳信息。它的目的是引导消费者做出低碳的购物选择、鼓励消费者绿色低碳负责任地消费。3.the lion's share最大的一份

第一节主题语境：人与自我一一生活与学本文是记叙文。作者以合著小说的方式增进与孙女的感情。41.D。根据上文中的when my granddaughter Taylor turned12 I feared she would forget meone day可知，作者急需某种东西巩固她与孙女Taylor之间的关系。42.B。根据本句中的I searched my mind,and then my house,fora.可知，作者绞尽脑汁地思考，并且找遍了整个家，就是为了找到一个解决办法。43.C。根据下文中的the story needed an ending可知，作者在书架上找到了一本未完成的小说。44.A。根据本句中的the old-fashioned language needed an和下文中的she...to make thepre-teen dialogue more authentic by changing some expressions可知，小说中老式的语言需要更新。45.D。根据本句中的So I wanted to.Taylor to help me和下文中的I emailed her to ask可知，作者想要邀请Taylor来帮忙。46.C。根据下文中的Our emails flew back and forth throughout the fall and early winter、Iemailed drafts of each part to her和She.emailed them back可知，作者和孙女合作完成了一本小说。47.B。根据上文中的So I wanted to.Taylor to help me和本句中的lshe'd say yes可推断，作者发邮件询问孙女的时候内心是希望得到肯定答复的。hoped符合语境。48.A。上文中的So I wanted to..Taylor to help me可提示本空答案。49.C。50.B。根据下文中的she..make the pre-teen dialogue more authentic by changing someexpressions可知，作者的孙女在仔细审阅完作者发来的草稿后会做出一些修改。5l.D。根据本句中的she...to make the pre-teen dialogue more authentic by changing someexpressions可知，作者的孙女通过努力修改一些表达来使小说中儿童的对话更加真实。52.B。根据本句中的She also noticed the weak areas in the plot and suggested how to.them可知，作者的孙女在校阅过程中也发现了一些情节不严谨的地方，并且提出了修改意见。53.A。54.C。根据本句中的At that time,the only...I set for Taylor was to see it through,,andshe…it和下文中的Finally,,we finished the novel together in mid-January可知，在合著小说的过程中，作者对孙女唯一的要求就是要坚持到底，Taylor做到了。see sth.through把（任务、工程等)进行到底，坚持完成。55.D。根据下文中的I succeeded in leaving her with wonderful memories of me,and shedeveloped a lifelong interest in writing可知，作者和孙女都从合著小说这件事中获益了。第二节主题语境：人与自我一一做人与做事本文是新闻报道。一名休班的消防员路遇险情，挺身而出。56.were sent。.考查一般过去时的被动语态。由句中的时间状语At around3:13a.m.可知，设空处的动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，又因主语several firefighters and medical workers与动词send之间是被动关系，故填were sent。57.on。考查介词。on fire燃烧，着火。58.driver。考查名词。设空处作宾语，根据语境可知，此处表示“受伤的司机”，故填driver。.59.who。考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词Nicholas Perri Jr.,且在从句中作主语，故填who。60.to get。考查动词不定式。manage to do sth.想方设法做某事。6l.rapidly。考查副词。设空处作状语，修饰spread,表示“快速地”，故填副词rapidly

vegetables from their boats可知，丹嫩沙多水上市场的特点就是它位于水上。22.B。理解具体信息。根据倒数第二段中的On Monday,instead of flowers,there's a wonderful birdmarket可知，你可以每周一在布鲁塞尔大广场的市场里买到鸟。23.D。理解具体信息。根据最后一段中的One of the world's most unusual markets is in MexicoCity.and natural medicines可知，在索诺拉市场你可以买到草药。B篇主题语境：人与自我一做事本文是记叙文。美国宇航员阿尔弗莱德沃尔登讲述了自己在乘坐阿波罗15号飞船返回地球途中进行的次太空行走任务。24.C。理解具体信息。根据第一段中的Because it was a new activity,an incredible amount ofpreparation went into it和第二段中的I evaluated the entire plan in terms of safety and resultsOnce all this preflight work was finished,the actual spacewalk was easy and completed in a shorttime可知，作者为这次太空之旅做了充分的准备。补充：在阿波罗15号返程途中，沃尔登会进行第一次太空行走，这是为了取回服务舱外科学设备舱中的胶片，将其带到指挥舱，以便它们能在返回地球的途中保存下来。25.A。理解词汇。根据第三段中的because I was then completely dependent on the pressure..butthis was for real and I had to do it just right可知，虽然作者在地球上曾经接受过很多次类似的训练，但是这毕竟是一次真正的出舱行动，所以他还是有点害怕。26.B。推断。根据倒数第二段中的I concentrated on reaching for the handholds.Turning aroundagain I made my way back to the hatch和最后一段中的It was the most unbelievable sight onecould imagine可知，出舱话动对宇航员具有极大的挑战性，但同时他也看到了太空中壮丽的景观。27.D。理解主旨要义。根据第二段中的I had the pleasure of being outside the spacecraft for38minutes和最后一段的内容可知，作者对自己在太空行走的经历和感受进行了描述，他认为自己能目睹太

Before becoming a food vlogger,Shi 6.was (be)a data analyst.In 2020,Shi quit his job and threwtake one's time over sth make up for cry out forhimself 7.intocooking."In order to cook novel短do the trick throw oneself into in low spirits法and difficult dishes,I have learnt many techniques,including making pancakes,Lamian noodles,milk tea,语4.Having received the support from her family,填8.and fried tea,"said Shi.When he was asked填Judy threw herself into writing.what the dishes tasted like,the food vlogger said that5.The young man believes that hard effort can空the dishes tasted 9.amazing(amaze).Based on his空make up forhis lack of talent.experience 10.associated(associate)with cooking thedishes,he also thinks that the taste preferences of6.Lucy is in low spirits after knowing thepeople in ancient times were different from those oftrip to the seaside has been called off due to bapeople in modern times.weather.Tsk2语境填词Task4请在空格处填入适当的词语，使其句意与所给请根据句子语境，从下面方框里选择合适的单词并用其适当形式同义句改写句子意思相同或相近（每空一词）。语完成下列句子（有两项为多余选项）。同digest greedy enhance cycle low1.With the intention of finding relief from stress,theflavour associate combine generate gentle义man decides a daily exercise routine.填Intending to relieve stress,the man1.The music of this new band is an odd句decides a daily exercise routine.词combination of rock and opera.2.Some fat people are the way they are because改2.All the foreign tourists who have been to the GreatWall of China have a deep impression of it.they always eat greedily.写All the foreign tourists who have been to the3.The CEO promised that the company would bea place for creative ideas to be generatedGreat Wall of China are_deeply impresseddigest greedy enhance cycle low3.The shortage of workers is tied up with the issueflavour associate combinegenerate gentleof pay.境The shortage of workers is linked with/to the4.To know everyone in the group as quickly asissue of pay.填possible,the new girl makes mental associations4.The man determines to spend all his money词between people's appearance and their names.betting on the securities.5.Advanced technology should be used to enhanceThe man determines to spend all his moneyhuman beings'happiness rather than do harmplacing/puttinga bet on the securitiesto them.Ta8k5翻译句子请根据汉语提示完成下列句子(每空一词)。语digest greedy enhance cycle lowflavour associate combine generate gentle翻境译1.处理紧急情况的能力因人而异。6.Costs,already greatly reduced,must be loweredeven further if the airline is to compete in an句The ability to deal with emergenciesvaries from person to person词increasingly cut-throat world.7.The dentist says that the tongue should be子2.这首优美的歌曲使人想起了那部电影的动人场面。cleaned gently with a soft toothbrush.The beautiful song calls/brings to mind/reminds8.Many old people report that their stomachspeople of the touching scene of the film.can't digest foods high in calories quicklyTask 3请从下面方框里选择适当的短语并用其适当形式填空短语填空（每个短语仅用一次）。短take one's time over sth make up for cry out for3.我建议你不要在明天的聚会上做这道菜，因为材语do the trick throw oneself into in low spirits料真的很难找，更不用说烹饪过程了，要花一个多小时。填1.Take your time over the report,and you still haveI recommend that you shouldn't make this dish ata week before you hand it in to Professor Smith.tomorrow's party,because the materials are really空2.The local hospital cries out formore blooddifficult to find,not to mention the cookingdonation in order to keep pace with the need.process,which will take more than one hour.3.The doctor says the treatment cando the trickand the man will quicklrecover.

般过去时，又因The term“umbrella species”与coin之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填was coined。59.s。考查主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处是对客观事实的描述，应用一般现在时，又因为主语是One characteristic,故填iso60.larger。考查形容词的比较级。设空处所在句使用了“the+比较级，the+比较级.”结构，表示“越…，就越…”，故填larger。61.where。考查关系副词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the area,且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。62.it。考查it的用法。设空处作形式主语，句中的真实主语是that such areas will also.thatneed conservation,故填it。63.their。.考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表达的是“它们的”数量小，故填形容词性物主代词their。64.frequently。考查副词。设空处作状语，修饰move around,应用副词，故填frequently,表示“频繁地”。5.living。考查动词-ing形式。设空处与alongside pandas一起作后置定语，修饰the species,且the species与ive之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填living。【补充解释】home range(the last para.小：“生态”巢区（某种动物之活动范围)选做题参考答案及解析参考答案1-4 DBCA解析主题语境：人与自然一一自然生态本文是说明文。文章介绍了活跃的大屯火山群及当地的防范措施。1.D。理解具体信息。根据第二段中的These waves can be used to detect areas of liquid belowEarth's surface可知，P波和S波用来探测地表下存在液体的区域。2.B。理解具体信息。根据第四段中的The local government's Weather Bureau requested..sothat a qualified emergency warning system could be put in place和第五段中的In order to getthe necessary information可知，地震台的建立是为了收集足够的数据，更好地了解大屯火山群的岩浆室，进而更好地打造预警系统。3.C。推断。根据第四段中的so that a qualified emergency warning system could be put inplace和倒数第二段中的In20l8,the Weather Bureau was ready to establish the early warningsystem可知，当地气象局在in的团队的帮助下建立了早期预警系统，由此可推知，该部门负责为当地居民提供火山喷发预警。4.A。理解目的。最后一段说明了根据Li的预测，未来几十年发生火山喷发事件的可能性约为1%，且即使发生火山喷发，早期预警系统也能保证居民撤离到安全地带，由此可知，文章最后一段的目的是安抚大屯火山群周围的居民。

二、非选择题：本题共6小题，共60分。21.（14分)氮的价类二维图如下。回答下列问题：个化合价+5CKNO+2BNH H2ONH氢化物单质氧化物酸碱盐物质类别(1)从氮元素的价态角度分析，物质B具有性。(2)KNO3是生产黑火药的原料之一，其操炸反应为：2KNO3+3C+S引抛KS+N2↑+3C02t该反应中非金属元素的原子半径从小到大的顺序是，标准状况下，生成33.6LC02时，转移电子的数目为(3)在催化剂和加热的条件下，物质A与O2反应生成NO是工业制物质C的重要反应，其化学方程式为(4)下列事实能证明碳元素与氮元素非金属性相对强弱的有(填标号)。A.单质熔点：C>N2B.酸性：HNO3>H2CO3C.沸点：NH>CH4D.分解温度：NH3>CH4(5)对工业尾气中NO和NO2脱除后产生的含NO3溶液可用下图装置在弱酸性条件下进行电化学环保处理。碳电极上的电极反应式为,若甲室处理37.2gNO3,则乙室可生成molN2。碳电极Fe电极NOFe"y/NHANN甲室乙室质子交换膜22.(10分)从物质结构的视角认识乙酸(CH3COOD。回答下列问题：(1)下列可用于区别乙酸和乙醇的试剂有(填标号)。A.蒸馏水B,紫色石蕊试液C.NaHCO,溶液D.酸性KMnO4溶液(2)乙酸中含有的官能团名称为；CH3C0OH分子中，最多有个原子共面。(3)推测乙酸的熔点比十八酸(CH35COOH田的（填“高”或“低”)，其理由是高中2021级化学试思第5页（共8页)

四目地业小选牵性考试第一次摸底考试化学(本卷满分100分，考试时间75分钟)注意事项：1,答题前，考生请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写的在试卷和答题卡上，并将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹签字笔或钢笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内，如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案。在试卷上答题无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。可能用到的相对原子质量：H-1C-12N-140-16Na-23S-32Zr-91一、选择题（本大题共14小题，每小题3分，共42分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。)1.2023年4月22日，中国海军举行海军成立74周年纪念日舰艇开放日活动。下列物品没有涉及有机高分子材料的是（)。A.由涤纶布制成的国旗和军旗C.由功能纤维制成的防护服B.防毒面具上的橡胶软壳2.下列化学用语表述正确的一组是（)。D.直升机驾驶舱前的硅酸盐玻璃A.NH的电子式：H::H道B.乙烯的键线式：C.中子数为18的氯原子：CI3.下列说法正确的是()。D.H,0的空间填充模型：COpA,糖类、蛋白质均属于天然有机高分子B.SO2可漂白纸浆，不可用于杀菌、消毒C.铝热反应可用于焊接铁轨、冶炼难熔金属D镀锌铁皮的镀层破损后，铁皮会被加速腐蚀4.莲花清瘟胶囊配方中含传统中药金银花，绿原酸是主要抗菌、抗病毒有效成分之一，结构简式如右图所示。关于绿原酸的下列推测不合理的是(）。A.只含有3种官能团0B.可溶于水，也可溶于乙醇HO OH0C.分子中有4个手性碳原子HOOHD.1mol绿原酸最多可与4 mol NaOH反应HOOH化学第1页（共6页）【00041

会给孩子们树立正确的人生观，教会他们勇于挑战。7.A。推断。通读全文可知，Bt一直致力于帮助自己的学生，体现出她热爱教育、献身教育的精神。【补充解释】tough nut to crack(para.I):难对付的人；难办的事spring break(para.2):春假是一种传统的学校假期，根据国家和地区的不同，春假的时间也有所不同。北半球国家一般在每年3月到5月之间，南半球国家一般在每年10月到11月之间。beat oneself up(about/over sth)(para.3):(为某事)过分自责social emotional learning(last paragraph):社会情感学，是由美国CASEL组织最先提出的，它是指个体能够认识并控制管理自己的情绪，在不同环境中识别不同人的情绪状态并作出相应的反应，设立合适的目标，获得解决问题的技能，并作出负责任的决定，以维持良好人际关系的学过程。C篇主题语境：人与自我一一生活本文是说明文。文章介绍了安德鲁·维尔医生的健康理念及他的畅销书Eight Weeks to Optimum Health的主要内容。8.B。理解具体信息。根据第一段中的Everyone is concerned about their health.others it's about comingdown with diseases which affected their parents可知，令人们担心的是自己的健康状况不佳。9.A。推断。根据第二段中的everyone is different so Weil also provides specific guidance for different people可知，维尔医生的书中包括了针对不同人群的指导建议，因此可推知，维尔医生认为我们应根据自己不同的情况选择相应的保持健康的办法。l0.C。理解主旨要义。根据第三段中的week one begins with.As the weeks progress...Week two calls forWith each week comes the adoption of.可知，第三段从Week one的具体指导建议，整本书的编排思路，及每章的例子这几方面大概介绍了Eight Weeks to Optimum Health这本书的主要内容。ll.C。理解目的。最后一段通过protect,teaches,enable这几个字样突出强调了Eight Weeks to OptimumHealth这本书的种种好处，并在结尾处用了Start it now and enjoy the benefits for the rest of your life这类号召性语言，其目的就是向读者大力推荐这本书。【补充解释】come down with(para.l):患，得，染上（小病）on top of the world(para.l):欢天喜地的；兴高采烈的；得意洋洋的draw up(para.2):拟订；制订；起草D篇主题语境：人与社会一一科学与技术本文是说明文。新型可食用传感器可显示冷冻食品之前是否曾解冻。l2.D。推断。根据第二段中的The sensor provides a colour readout when it's warmed above a certaintemperature可知，当温度升高到一定的值以上，该传感器就会显示出一个颜色读数，也就是会改变颜色。l3.C。推断。根据第三段中的And according to the US Department of Agriculture...longer than two hours可知，据美国农业部称，消费者不应该重新冷冻任何已解冻超过两个小时的食物。因此可知，解冻时间过长，食物可能会变质，此处提到这一权威言论是为了说明解冻食物后再次将其冷冻会有潜在危险。l4.B。理解具体信息。根据最后一段中的We hope that the sensor could be especially useful for smartpackaging,which can provide additional information about the product such as its storage condition history,研究者认为他们的发明将会对智能包装很有用，该发明将会显示商品的额外信息，如在储存过程中的情况。15.D。理解主旨要义。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了科学家发明了可食用的传感器，可监侧食物是否解冻过，故D项为最佳选项。第二节主题语境：人与自我一一生活本文是说明文。文章介绍了居家办公的利弊。l6.F。根据上文中的Janet Dole reluctantly dragged herself out of bed和下文中的At that moment,Janet

险性。和文章主旨，其中的Ex©突出了清理核废料这一工作的极端危一、语法填空专练（十）》可知脑h考在冠面。可意不同的语音有不面的文化，不同的文化对于同一事物有不同的语富表遇形式。此处为特指根据20者声介润句意大熊猎，又称熊猫熊或简称箱，是原产于中国中南部的一种嫻。为并列to是固定短语，“原产于”\可知3.考查定语从句。句意：他在面试中被拒绝的一个原因是他的英语说地很整照。子结构可知，“分析句he was refused in the interview"是定语从句，修饰the reasons。引导词根在从句中作原因状语，应用r which,相当于关系翻词y引导。4bt考耷时态。何意：这台机器环了，色几年不工作了。根据“hat时心”可推断出本句应该用现在时。不作这个动作从过去特续到现在，所以说明机器现在仍不工作，应该用一殷现在时，表达“现在的状态”。5.has achieved考查时态。句意：尽管医学已经成功地控制了好几种危险的疾病，但它们还可能会卷土重来。根据句意可知说话者谈论的是从过去延续到现在的情况，故用现在完成时态：6.was1 ooking考查时态。句意：他定是注意到我在看着他。他突然看向我然后轻声问道：“你为什么要那样盯着我看？”根据分析，此句在意义上应该用进行时，又根据此句中的must havesensed和glanced at可知是过去进行时。7.dressing考查非谓语动词。句意：那女子回到家里，穿上华丽的衣服，又去了集市。根据and可知为并列句。是The young woman then retumned and set out for the market place.的并列关系。dress的逻辑主语为the young lady,两者之间为主动关系，dressing herself in rich garments作setout的伴随状语。8.dressed考查非谓语动词。句意：他是一个四十多岁的高大男子，穿西装打领带，看上去很精神。此句主千是He was a big man。(be)dressed in意为“穿着”，表示状态。此处dressed为过去分词形容词化，表示状态，作状语。dress oneself in/e dressed in都表示“穿着”。注意6与第7题的对比。9.0ak考查非谓语动词。句意：面试官很可能会问你预期薪资，这就是谈论薪水、为自己赢得6:00最佳薪资的时机。此处为动词不定式作后置定语，修饰opportunity。10.stands考查时态。句意：河的附近有两座孤零零的房子，房子前面有一棵大苹果树。in frontL/S0/820英语答案·第9页（共32页）

story twice,then retell the story in your ownand then give it back to the community.And this生词：advertise做广告words.means no food waste.A small team in London runsPlease get ready_to ask three questions in梗概：十六年来，Tom风雨无阻，在马路上帮助学English according to the following Chinese tips.the app from their home.People in 32 countries生过马路。1.刚开始的时候，你得到的最好的建议是什么？use the app now.They have shared about half a关键词：teacher(教师)guide(引导)help(帮助)million food items.The app is helping students,safety(安全)love(爱)2.你是如何成名的呢？families and the elderly.The app works so well轻听本报采编中心轻说because it gives people a choice.And it helps to3.你对年轻音乐家有什么想说的呢？(本版参考答案及听说材料无build relationships in the community见下期)扫KEY CORNER第52期参考答案4.shocked5.Having worked6.inspiringTears ran/streamed down her cheeks."She's:As she opened the box,her eyes widened inV.第2版pretty,not like me!I'll never look like that!"Elliecomplete shock.She was too surprised to say a1.whom2.along /on3.boughtcried some more.single word.LANGUAGE LEARNING4.to eat-5.a6.surprised续写2续写47.brothers8.smaller9.softly基础练基础练1.setting off2.region3.tend10.hearing4.clinics5.moments6.therefore1.was beating/pounding1.with tears rolling down her cheeks2.she offered her heartfelt gratitude7.In spite of8.retire第3版2.flashed across her face3.Deeply touched/movedⅡ.I.1-4ACBB5-8 DCAA3.shining with excitementIL.1-5 AEFGC4.a warm current rising in her eyes1.figure2.harvest3.gatherings小试牛刀小试牛刀4.tension(s)5.memories/memory第4版"Natalie!"Ellie shouted,with her eyes shiningDeeply touched by the gift,Ellie held the present6.published7.joyful8.roast/roastedGUIDED WRITINGwith excitement.She started clapping her hands astightly with her arms.Her happiness and gratitude9.ranging10.a great deal of续写1best as she couldbubbled to the surface,and that was when she feltDL.基础练续写3Natalie's hand on her shoulder.1.Falling2.expressing3.being1.down;low基础练4.flying5.influenced考6.changing2.with her face hidden in her hands1.in astonishment surprise amazement上识点7.raising3.ran /streamed down2.too surprised/astonished to sayIV.中讲汇4.A wave of sadness3.staring at her idol with wide eyes生料解总1.enjoying2.satisfied3.stating小试牛刀小试牛刀●报杜地址：山西省太原市晋阳街202号英语周报社●邮编：030006●电话：0351-7773933●排版：，本报激光照排中心●责编：马小华●校对：周慧英●美编：李晓●印刷武汉彩集实业有限公司（武汉市汉南区华模工业园22栋1号）●订阅：本报发行部●订阅热线：0351-7333565●广告经营许可证号：晋工商广字14010040000G23

讲三步一体高效训练记第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A land born of fire but now surrounded by green,the Azores is working to secure 56 (it)future.This volcanic island chain in the middle of the Atlantic is 57 autonomous region of Por-tugal."The Azores are nine islands with 58 (difference)habits and accents that change fromisland to island,"says National Geographic Explorer Miriam Cuesta Garcia,a marine biologist59(study)the nocturnal(夜间话动的)behavior of seabirds on Pico Island..“But the Azoreshave the same vision for sustainability.They know they need to protect their unique environment toremain the same even when 60 (change)occur."With four of its nine islands known as UNESCO biosphere reserves-and recognized by theWorld Wildlife Fund 61 an oasis (for 28 whale and dolphin species-the Azores takes sustainable tourism 62 (serious).It became the world's first island chain to be proved by Earth-Check,an Australia-based international tourism advisory group,63 gave the award in 2019.The Portuguese region is now focusing on64(conserve)and biodiversity(生物多样性)protection,air and water quality,and preservation of native heritage.For example,authorities getthe number of hikers per day to Mount Pico(the highest peak in Portugal)65 (limit)to ensurevisitors enjoy Pico Island's dramatic volcanic landscape for years to come.56.its 57.an 58.different 59.studying 60.changes 61.as 62.seriously 63.which 64.conservation65.limited第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假定你是某中学校英文报编辑，你校下周将举办一次主题为“关爱地球”的志愿活动。请你在该报上写一则通知，内容包括：1.活动目的；2.活动内容；3.表达期待。注意：写作词数应为80左右。NoticeThe Students'Union答案：One possible version:23【24新教材·ZCYK,英语-BSD-选择性必修第二册-Y】

以付不起他们的狗Tffy的交通费。故选D。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们付不起他们的狗Tffy的交通费，又非常想带她一起走。Adesperately非常、拼命地；B.temporarily暂时地；C.secretly秘密地；D.originally起初。根据“wanted to take her with them.”可知，这家人非常想把狗一起带走。故选A.【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A.appeared出现；B.proved证明；C.happened碰巧；D.showed展示。根据“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot,,Karen,”可知，碰巧的是作者和另一名飞行员正在计划另一次PP飞行。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A.waited等待；B.offered提供、主动提出；C.hurried匆忙；D.failed失败。根据“to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen主动提出帮忙把狗Tffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析.句意：我要做的就是飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。A.see off为…送行；B.lookfor寻找；C.hand over移交；D.pick up接载。根据“What I was to do was fly to Topeka”和常识可知，作者需要飞到托皮卡去接Tfy。故选D.【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我见到Tiffy的主人时，他们看起来很紧张。A.confused困惑的；B.nervous紧张的；C.annoyed恼怒的；D.curious好奇的.根据“George,the husband,was trying to be calm,but I could tell this was 8 for him,having to leave his dog to a_9 and trust that everything would 10.”可知，这家人看起来有点紧张和不安.故选B【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A.hard困难的；B.ine好的；C.common常见的；D.lucky幸运的。根据上文“was trying to be calm”以及下文“having toleave his dog to a_9_and trust that everything would__l0.”可推知，此处指把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难。故选A.【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A.coworker合作者；B.passenger第13页/共22页

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