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Even chess experts perform worse when air quality is lower,suggesting a negative effecton cognition ()Here's something else chess players need to keep in check:air pollution.That's the bottom line of a newly published study co-authored by a researcher,showingthat chess players perform objectively worse and make more suboptimal (moves,asmeasured by a computerized analysis of their games,when there is more fine particulatematter(颗粒物)in the air,.notated as PM2.5.More specifically,given a modest increase in fine particulate matter,the probability thatchess players will make an error increases by 2.1 percentage points,and the spectrum of thoseerrors increases by 10.8 percent.In this setting,at least,cleaner air leads to clearer headsand sharper thinking."We find that when individuals are exposed to higher levels of air pollution,they make圜more mistakes,and they make larger mistakes,"says Juan Palacios,an economist in Sustain-able Urbanization Lab.约"It's pure random exposure to air pollution that is driving these people's performance,"Palacios says."Against comparable opponents in the same tournament round,being exposed蚁to different levels of air quality makes a difference for move quality and decision quality."The researchers also found that when air pollution was worse,the chess players长performed even more poorly when under time limitation."We find it interesting that thosemistakes especially occur in the phase of the game where players are facing time pressure,"☒Palacios says."There are more and more papers showing that there is a cost with air pollution,and舒there is a cost for more and more people,"Palacios says."And this is just one example show-ing that even for these very excellent chess players,who think they can beat everything,it务seems that with air pollution,they have an enemy who harms them."28.What effect does air pollution have on chess players?的A.They make fewer good choicesB.They perform subjectively worse.C.They suffer body discomfort.D.They lose all games with computers.29.What does the underlined word "spectrum"in paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Magic.B.Process.C.Range.D.Balance.30.What does Palacios express in the last paragraph?A.His appeal for attention to chess players.B.His concern about air pollution.C.An example of chess players'performance.D.Approaches to dealing with air pollution.31.What's the main idea of the text?A.Air pollution is a tough enemy chess players face.B.Chess players make more and more mistakes.【高二英语第5页（共10页门·23-522B·
