目树德立品2023届高考模拟金卷（二）理科综合生物参考答案双向细目表考查要求题号题型分值具体内容难度预估基础性综合性应用性创新性1选择题6组成细胞的分子0.7选择题6物质跨膜运输的特点0.75L3选择题6有丝分裂和减数分裂0.554选择题6人体生命活动调节0.85选择题6生态系统与环境保护0.85选择题6遗传规律0.629非选择题10光合作用0.730非选择题8神经调节0.7531非选择题9生态系统结构与功能0.7L32非选择题12遗传规律与变异0.637非选择题15传统发酵技术，酶的应用与固定技术0.8L38非选择题15略答案及解析1.【答案D【解析】核酸和蛋白质是两类生物大分子，其单体分别为核苷酸和氨基酸，两者都是以碳链为基本骨架，A正确；蛋白质的合成过程是翻译的过程，需要以mRNA为模板，tRNA转运氨基酸，RNA参与构成核糖体，所以需要核酸参与，B正确；在原核细胞中也存在这两者的复合物，如原核细胞中的核糖体主要由rRNA和蛋白质构成，在转录的时候DNA聚合酶也会和DNA结合，C正确；只有DNA和蛋白质两类分子可以构成生物，如噬菌体，D错误。2.【答案】C【解析】细胞膜上的载体蛋白具有特异性，根系细胞细胞膜上运输C+的载体蛋白不能运输SiO,A错误；海水稻从土壤溶液中吸收C2+和SiO时都会伴随着ATP的分解，所以均为主动运输，B错误；影响主动运输的因素主要是能量和载体蛋白，向土壤溶液中加入某种药物X后，根系细胞对SiO的吸收速率不变，对C+的吸收速率显著下降，说明不是影响能量供应，所以Ca+吸收速率下降可能是药物破坏了运输Ca+的载体蛋白，C正确；海水稻细胞吸收更多的无机盐离子增加了细胞液浓度，吸水能力更强，有利于适应盐碱地等环境，D错误。3.【答案】C【解析】果蝇体细胞中染色体数目为8条。在减数分裂过程中染色体组数目变化为：2→1→2→1，若曲线表示减数分裂染色体组数目变化的部分曲线，则n等于1，A错误；有丝分裂核DNA数目变化为：8→16→8，若曲线表示有丝分裂核DNA数目变化的部分曲线，则n等于8，B错误；减数第二次分裂染色体数目变化为：4→8→4，若曲线表示减数第二次分裂染色体数目变化的部分曲线，则n等于4，C正确；有丝分裂中染色单体数目变化为：0>16>0，故曲线不能表示有2023届高考模拟金卷（二）·理科综合生物参考答案第1页（共4页）

复者只黄色雕鼠与一具灰色一金为黑色鼠，则双养的基的aaBB和AAbbA.在碱·两只黑色鼠交配，子代只有黄接近1：6，则双米中一是中B.分子只基因型是AaBBC.与酸因望为ABb的雌、雄鼠自由及其比例为黄：黑·次D.在9.除去蒸:35随年龄增长，老年人会出现蔬服降片化利用小鼠进行的研究显示，H©t神经任睡眠中起看天键作用。Hc,代”。能使小鼠发生睡眠到宽睡一的转花，并维持觉醒状态。与年多元"老小鼠Hct神经元的KCNQ2/作孕钾离子通道①表达量下降，导致莞程状特续时间延长。下列叙述正确的是10.制要AHr神经元的轴突接受信息并将其学导到细胞体H2(及H神经元发生N士内流时，不利认爱醒向睡眠状态转化A.C与年轻小鼠相比，年老小鼠的H持经元细胞膜对K的道透性增大B.D阻断Het神经元的KCNQ2/3的基因表达可治疗睡眠障得C6科研人员将拟南芥幼苗分别置于含一定浓度的ACC(乙烯前体，分解后产生乙D烯)、IAA和二者的混合培养液中培养，发现几组实验都能够抑制根的生长，此为11.已实验一。为了进一步探究ACC如何抑制根的生长，科研人员又将拟南芥幼苗分别放在含有不同浓度的ACC培养液中培养，测得IAA的浓度随着ACC浓度的增加而增加，此为实验二。下列相关叙述错误的是A.实验中抑制根生长的IAA浓度相对较高B.该实验还能说明植物生长发育是多种激素共同调节的结果C实验一需设置3组，实验前后都要测量根的长度D.ACC有可能通过促进IAA的合成来抑制根的生长7我国第二腹航空母舰命名为“中国人民解放军海军福建舰”，是我国完全自主设12.计建造的首腹弹射型航空母舰。下列说法正确的是A航母携带的重油属于纯净物B.航母下水前要进行刷漆工作，目的为防止金属腐蚀C.制造航体所用的耐腐蚀低磁钢，其熔点高于纯铁D,相控阵雷达使用的碳化硅属于新型有机材料8关于下列有机化合物，说法不正确的是BrH2CCH-CH3BrNHOH《商三，理综(J)·客现题七》第2页

(2)撤去F时，=atB下滑到A底端的过程中，系统水方向动量守恒：(M+m)0-M4+ma系统机棱能守恒：M+m0+mg-子+方m联立求得c4=lms,g=3ms⑦评分标准：本题共14分。正确得出①-⑦式各给2分。26.(18分}解：(1)设三角形边长为L,小球a从A到C做抛运动水方向：二=对竖直方向：5L1②2巴，=g图联立求得=V+-3④(2)设场强的水分量为E,，场强的竖直分量为E,小球b从A运动到B,由动能定理E L-mmo⑤小球c从A运动到C,由动能定理gEx·L+gE,·L+mg.522L=502-n2⑥联立求得5=2mg·g,-2⑦所以场强大小E-”S,与水方向夹角为30斜向右下方（垂直于BC)⑧9评分标准：本题共18分。正确得出⑤、©式各给3分，其余各式各给2分。27.(除特殊标注外，每空2分，共14分)(1)①e→ab+c②K3[Fe(CN)6](含理均可)③c、d④4NO-3C1O2+40H=4N03+3C1+2H20埋科综合参考答案·第6页〔共10页)

A,充电时，醒类有机电极与外接电源的正极相连B.放电时，外电路通过1ol电子时，负极消耗的H,的体积为22.4【()()HC.放电时.正极的电极反应为尺了RRR+2H'+2eR)()HD.充电时，溶液中的H*由醌类有机电极向氢气电极移动三.、常温下，将.01molL,'盐酸逐滴滴人10ml.0,01mol,NnN溶液中，滴加过程中.CN、HCN的物质的量分数(6)随pH变化的关系如图1所示，pH随加入盐酸体积变化的关系如图2所示。下列说法错误的是pH踪HCN1.0上CN"0.5焙00152045678951011pHI'(盐位)/mL图1图2A.HCN的电离衡常数K=1×109.5B.当pH=7时，溶液中c(C)=c(HCN)C.b点对应的溶液中：c(CI)>(CN)>c(OH)D.c点对应的溶液中：c(y)+c(HCN)=0.01mol·L.1阔二、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题6分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14~18题只有一项符够合题目要求，第19~21题有多项符合题目要求。全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。閣)4、中国载人航天工程办公室从2023年9月1日起至9月30日24时，面向社会公开征集新一代载人飞船（图甲）、载人月面着陆器（图乙）的名称。根据计划，我国将在2030年前实现中国人首次登陆月球，开展月球科学考察及相关技术试验等。不考虑月球的自转，下列说法正确的是·返回舱

Dear Nina.I have watched the news and I have the same feeling as you.I think the loss of their living placesis one of the main reasons for animals'being in danger.To change this situation,people should plant more trees instead of cutting down trees for farmingland.Besides,we.can build safe places for endangered animals to live in.As students,we canoffer help by clearing rubbish and taking public transportation.Moreover,I think the governmentshould make laws to help protect them.In short,protecting endangered animals is a fight that requires all of us to join in.Let's take actionfrom now on!Yours,Zhang Mei第l8期B3版Keys:(One possible version选择题除外)随堂练Section A (1a-2d)1.fishermen2.wooden3.cost4.litteredⅡ.1.play a part in protecting2.the advantages of3.cut down4.leads toSection A (3a-3b)I.1.harmful2.cruel3.scientific4.industriesII.1.was cut off2.at the top of3.is harmful to4.not only;but alsoSection A (Grammar Focus-4c)I.1-3 BBAII.1.has been away2.used to live3.was turned off4.How many books have you readSection B (1a-2e)I.1.recycled2.inspiration3.works4.presidents5.creativityⅡ.1.threw away2.brought back3.pull down4.put;to good use5.turn:upside down

五、补全对话78-82 AEFCB六、书面表达Come and buy your clothes at our great sale!We sell all our clothes at very good pricesDo you like T-shirts?We have blue and white T-shirts for only 10 dollars.The trousers are onsale,too.They are black or brown.They are only 15 dollars.Do you need socks?Our socks arevery cheap.We have white socks for only 1 dollar.For girls,we have red and orange skirts foronly 5 dollars.For boys,we have shoes of different colors.They are 6 dollars.I'm waiting for you at Mr White's Clothes Store!【书面表达写作指导】本次写作(1)体裁为应用文；(2)人称以第一和第三人称为主；(3)时态使用一般现在时；(4)内容：不同产品的促销活动。可能用到的词或表达有at our great sale,.sell all ourclothes,at very good prices,.for only 10 dollars,black,brown,sock,shoe等，注意使用连词使文章更顺畅，使用丰富的句式使文章更高级。

第17期B1版Keys:(One possible version客观题除外)课本链接1.Because it may help him know about them and make a better decision2.The worst-case scenario.3.The person should think about whether he can change the decision later on.4.Three.主题漫步1-4BCAC第17期B2版Keys:(One possible version客观题除外)知识“串联”For Section A【英汉互译】1.potato chips2.class meeting3.to0..to..4.watch a video5.order food from a restaurant6.班上一半的学生7.玩得愉快8.给某人一些建议9.感到厌烦的10.要求某人做某事【跟踪练】1.class meeting2.too;to3.ordered food from a restaurant4.give me some advice 5.Half the classFor Section B●【英汉互译】1.受教育2.保守秘密3.分成两半4.解决问题5.最终6.make mistakes7.the same ..as...8.run away from ..9.go to college10.travel around the world【跟踪练】1.getting an education 2.the same;as3.keep;to myself4.make mistakes5.running away from语法点击I.1-4 ACBAII.1.leave;will miss 2.don't save;won'tbe3.catch;get4.won't talk;tell5.won't go;tell写作一招鲜Dear Susan,I'm sorry to hear that you're upset about the fight between you and your friend.In my opinion,people usually have different ideas on some things.I hope the following can help you improve thesituation.First of all,you could put yourself in your friend's shoes and think about the fight again.If it wasyour fault,say sorry to your friend.Besides,you can talk with your friend to show that you reallycare about her and that the friendship between you means a lot to you.I hope my advice will be helpful to you and that you will make up with your friend soonYours,Sun Fei第17期B3版Keys:(One possible version客观题除外)随堂练Section A(1a-2d)I.1.meeting2.videos3.potato chips4.organize

sports nutritionists;很多运动营养学家都支持运动员转变为素食主义者，因此他们为帮助运动员获得更好的表现制定了营养方案。5.E。此空设于段中，与上文存在转折关系，尽管运动员转为素食主义者的人数不断上升，但仍有很多质疑声。语法填空1.purposes2.under3.because4.costly5.to enter6.which7.enjoyment8.widely9.Taken10.supported导语：本文是一篇说明文，属于“人与社会”主题语境。传统木船是希腊文化的一个重要组成部分，而现今制造传统木船的工艺正走向消亡。5.to enter。考查非谓语动词。unwilling to do sth是固定用法，故填to enter。9.Taken。考查非谓语动词。空处所表示动作的逻辑主语是the wood,与take之间是被动关系，故填过去分词Taken。l0.supported。考查动词的时态。根据时间状语Years ago可知，该句表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，故填supported。第16期A4版Key(One possible version):实战演练Nowadays,robots are a common sight in our life.Some hospitals have begun to use robots toprovide healthcare services.However,opinions on the use of robots in hospitals are divided.Some people regard robots as a powerful tool that helps to relieve the burden of the medicalstaff and makes seeking medical treatments more convenient and effective.However,others havea negative attitude.They think robots are unable to provide emotional care,and worry robots maynot be smart enough when doing their jobs.As far as I'm concerned,robots can be used in hospitals,but they should be used in a verycareful and smart way under the guidance of human beings.

5.What is the heaviest animal in the world?It is the blue whale.It can grow to be about 30meters long.The blue whale's body is long,and it feeds on the smallest sea animals.参考答案(One possible version选择题除外)：一、1-5 BBACC6-10 ABACC11-15 BABCB16-20 EACBD二21-25 DBDCB26-30 CDBCD31-35 CACBC36-40 EBDCA三、41-45 ABDCB46-50 DAACA51-55 BDBAC四、第一节56.watching57.interested58.Internet59.sea60.on61.grow62.and63.angry64.them65.again第二节66.a67.were68.with69.never70.If五、71.What kind of animals do you like best72.Why do you like them best4/5

装电视台举办“读经项”20.15选手若回答正确则取得复赛资格，本形比处日个饲题，该选手若回答铅快则极话从”同答正确该选手才可取得复券资格，否则被淘汰·山2题是否回答正确与回答顺序无关，且各②回名where the air is light..."ma西a专aunt popped out of her seat,turned and 47 the audience.I instantly slipped down in my seat,unsure of what48,she sang along with the chorus loudly in her Julliard-trained opeAs she49 her arms wide open,she graciously shared ber gift with all the moviegoers.She 50 andpowerfually sang the entire son th chorusasthough she had been personally51 to do so.When the song was finished,the entire audience stood up and gave her a thunderous52I slowly slid backup in my seat and cautiously looked around me.My little self was absolutely 53 by her magnificent voiced the crowd's cheerful response.I instantly 54 from being slightly 55 to feeling immensely proudher.It wasonderfsuis femtmeshandsus41、A.languageD.activityB.personalityC.mask42.A.professionalC.attractiveD.practicalB.new43.A.sawD.touredB.createdC.respected44.A.friendB.、programC.movieD.interview45.A.melodiesB.lyricsC.quotesD.comments46.A.BarelyB·HopefullyC.ConsequentlyD.Precisely47.A.facedB.embracedC.cursedD.gathered48.A.amusementB.attachmentC.harmonyD.honesty49.A.raisedB.heldC.cutD.broke50.A.necessarilyB.publiclyC.unbearablyD.confidently51.A.forbiddenB.pushedC.invitedD.urged4黑色矩形52.A.praiseB.applauseC.noiseD.name53.A.remindedB.amazedC.annoyedD.informed54.A.dissolvedB.failedC.movedD.shifted55.A.embarrassedB.relaxedC.unconsciousD.distant第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ns-ISDid you kno that theresmoretw56(slice)of many breads than thereareasmll packet ofcrisp?The World Heatranization emend usunderteasponevery day for But most ofuset over wice that without (rei)tMos peoadd food.Tabdhemicalnameisodiumdhloride,59saneseaialnurient.tregulhiesneneimpulses,musdlecontracionsand maintains the body's balance of water and minerals.Too little salt can lead to muscle cramps,nausea (and60 (tired).But there's lots of 61 (hide)salt in ready meals,processed foods andcere)Adan essential staple food in many countries where it(ea)several times aday.Too much salt can cause increased blood pressure,heart and kidney probleNoheLOWHO wants food producers to reduce salt in foods 6330%by 2030saving seven million lives 64They want65(ood),bigger labels on packets and moreecation.thnk ce befhe高考模拟调研卷英语（二）第？页共8页