历史·适应性模拟卷（二）费孝通重在解决农民贫困问题；解决问题的路径不同：梁漱国近代化的思考与实践经验的总结和高度概括，其中的民生溟提倡文化复兴；费孝通提倡乡村工业化。(4分，答出2点主义思想是孙中山的“社会革命”纲领，1924年发展为新三即可)民主义思想时，民生主义增加了“扶助农工”的内容。背景：民族危机严重，国内政局动荡，乡村凋敝；工业化扩(3分)以蒋介石为核心的南京国民政府代表着大地主大资产大了城乡发展差距；世界性经济危机的影响；有识之士对救阶级的利益。1927年该政权成立后，逐步建立起了在全国的国救民道路的探索。(4分，答出即可)统治。为了彰显其统治的合法性，蒋介石以孙中山事业的继(3)阶段：1949-1978年化提供资金、原料，承者自居，通过三民主义思想欺世盗名。(3分)20世纪30农村支持城市。(1分年代的上海，各种矛盾尖锐复杂，蒋介石为了防范共产党对1978-2005年A市场日益发挥作用，农业和农村为工业和城上海工人阶级的影响，从维护国民党专政统治的角度宣扬市提供动力农村服务于城市。(2分)2006年至今，改革赛助芳，要求民族资本家对工人罢工行为让步。(3分)开放取得自大成就，工业反哺农业，城市支持农村。(2分)所国民党的民生主义思想未能得到真正实行历性成就农业和农村推动了国家工业化；率先进行改主要措施：颁布法令；借鉴九品中正制，推行贡举，划革，加快了社会主义现代化建设进程；实现了全面小康分官吏品级；按品级发放官员俸禄；以儒学兴办培养官吏的了党的第一个百年奋斗目标。(3分，每点1分)学校；根据政绩定期考核官吏；加强察，严惩官示例一：信息1：以非常手段强迫资方克日牙吏贪腐。(8分，答出4点即可规定；信息2：约法非为保障绝对私权而人民得(2)作用：一定程度上澄清缓和了社会矛盾；加强营业自由，然自有不得自由者在。了中央集权；加速和民族交融的进程；推动了历史现象：20世纪30年代国民党】和企业家的私权意识其他改革的进倚：,答出1点1分，2点3分，3点不同。(2分)5分)但不能从上解决吏治问题，实现统治长治久安。阐释：近代以来随着民族配业的兴起和发展，传统的重农抑商政策逐步退出历史舞台，甲午战后，清政府允许民间设从帝国主义国家统治世界的工具变为维护世界和赤新改期间，政府颁布了一系列保护私人工商业的法(2分)原因：苏联面临德国法西斯侵略的威胁；律法规促进了私有产权意识的推广和私有产权保护。苏联推进工业化的需要；苏联国际地位的提高；协约国封锁分)辛亥革命后，颁布了《临时约法》，以宪法肯定了私有苏联战略的破产。(4分，答出2点即可)财产权，此后历届政府基本延续了对私有财护的保因此(2)法国：从反苏到支持苏联加入国联；美国：从企业家引用约法保护自身权益。(3分但是代以来，中到与苏联建交。(3分)影响：一定程度上维护国的民族工业是在政府主导下推的，虽然

②70年代经贸紧密往来推动中美关系开始走向正常化③当今美国的霸权主义和强权政治依旧存在④亟需建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序A.①②③B.①②④C.①③④D.②③④25.早期西方史学家常遣责别国的殖民行为，却将本国的侵略视为传播文明的义举、后来西方史学家们承认殖民者在推动殖民地经济、社会、文化发展的同时，也存在对殖民地半殖民地的摧残，但很少使用“世界殖民体系”一词，材料表明西方史学家()A.一直固守“欧洲中心论”立场，美化殖民扩张B.对殖民活动的认识越来越全面，但仍不够客观C.能够运用唯物史观，客观辩证地评价殖民活动D.研究视角的转变与西欧中心地位的转变有关系二、非选择题（本题共3题，共50分）26.阅读材料，完成下列要求。（20分)材料一由于北方沦陷，对外交往必须通过海道，因此泉州、广州、明州（宁波）迅速发展，成为三大对外贸易港口。南宋对外贸易的繁荣超过了北宋，形成了通向日本、高丽、东南亚、印度、波斯、阿拉伯的海上丝绸之路。一一摘自樊树志《国史十六讲》材料二1271年元朝建立，定都大都（今北京)。旧有河道迁回曲折，水路转运诸多不便。世祖忽必烈采纳韩仲恽、郭守敬等人的建议，截弯取直，重新规划运河线路。将旧运河的中段东移到今山东境内，再修通京、津地区的河道，直达大都。1293年，南起杭州、北抵大都的京杭大运河全线贯通，全长1700余公里。由于运河各段地势高下不一，元朝改善坝闸技术，利用更加省时、省力的复式船闸来调节水量提高运输能为，还专设都水监及下级机构掌管河道运营，严格控制来往船只，保障河道畅通。大运河凿通后，“江锥、海上一部外诸番土贡粮运、商旅懋迁，毕达京师”，在沟通南北交通方面起着不可取代的作用。一摘编自白寿彝主编《中国通史》等材料三苏伊士地峡的地理位置非常重要，自古以来就是东西方贸易的枢纽。早在古代，埃及法老就曾试图领导人民开凿苏伊士运河，但没有成功。新航运开辟以后，伴随着世界市场的拓展，西欧国家企图控制关键性航路枢纽，法国觊觎苏伊士地峡由来已久。…埃及与法国签署开凿合同，法国人负责策划，历时十多年，运河终于竣工通航。但十几万埃及劳工因此食生，埃及政府也能入严重的债务危机。此后英国凭借强大的经济军事实力，购买运河股票、甚至驻军侵害埃及。完全控制了苏伊士运河。一摘编自吕桂霞《苏伊士运河与大英帝国的兴衰》(1)根据材料一并结合所学知识，说明与唐代相比，南宋外贸路线发生的变化，并分析导致此变化的主要原因。(8分)(2)根据材料二，概括元朝在运河开凿和管理上的主要举措。并结合所学，说明元朝重开大运河的目的。(5分)(3)根据材料三，概括法国开凿苏伊士运河的主要背景。结合所学，简析苏伊第6页

高一历史期中考试卷参考答案1.B2.C3.D4.A5.A6.C7.C8.A9.D10.D11.B12.B13.C14.D15.A16.A17.D18.C19.A20.B21.B22.D23.B24.A25.C26.C27.D28.C29.B30.D31.(1)过程：汉初实行郡县与分封并行制，后剪除了异姓王；汉文、景时，“削藩”、定“七国之乱”，把藩国官吏的任免权收归朝廷；汉武帝颁布“推恩令”等一系列措施，使诸侯名为封君，实为食禄的闲员。(6分)汉武帝后名义上仍郡国并行，实际上已全面确立郡县制。(2分)意义：加强了中央集权；巩固了大一统局面；郡县制为后世所沿用，影响深远。(6分)(2)特点：权力来自中央授予；财权行使相当于“向中央运输财赋的中转站”；军权受多方制约；人事权由中央掌控；权力分配打破了地理单元分隔。(8分，答出四点即可)32.(1)风貌：华夷共处；民族文化盛行。(4分)原因：相对开放的政策；唐人兼收并蓄的文化态度；丝绸之路的兴盛；大量胡人居留长安；唐代出现盛世局面。(8分，答出两点即可，其他答案言之有理亦可)(2)意义：丰富了人们的物质文化生活；开阔了人们的视野；促进了人们对世界多元文明的认识；使中华文化吸收了很多异域文化因素；促进了唐代文化的繁荣。(6分，答出三点即可，其他答案言之有理亦可)【高一历史·参考答案第1页（共1页）】·2394A·

ListenListen when they arc talking.Don't say anything unlcss thcy ask you a qucstion.Sometimes it's not necessary for you to have anything to say.They just need someone to talkto about their feelings.Help themIf your friend is ever in need of something,be there to help them.You should try to putthem first,but make sure you don't do everything they want you not to do.Try to take anextra pencil or pen with you to classes in case()they forget to bring one.Have a littleextra money in your pocket in case they forget something they need.Be there for themTry to make something for your friends to help make them feel better in hard times.Making cards and encouraging them are among the nicest things you can do for a friend.Marilyn Monroe,a famous US actor,once said,"I often make mistakes.Sometimes I am outof control.But if you can't stay with me at my worst,you are sure not to deserve()to bewith me at my best."If you don't want to stay with your friends when they're in hard times,then you don't deserve to be with them when they're in good times!Make plansTry to make plans with your friend.Go shopping,go for ice cream,have a party,go to amovie and so on.Take time to know each other even better by doing something you bothenjoy.By planning things together,you both can have a good time.And you will rememberthese things when you're old.21.How should you listen to your friend?A.Look around yourself when he or she is talking to you.B.Ask them a lot of questions when listening to him or herC.Listen patiently and let him or her pour out their feelingsD.Correct them from time to time when they say something wrong.22.What can we learn from Marilyn Monroe's words?A.Nothing is hidden betwccn true-friendsB.Allow friends to make mistakes and correct them.C.True friends show respect for and admire each other.D.True friends don't leave each other when one is facing trouble.23.What are you advised to do to make a plan with your friend?A.Force your idea upon the other.B.Let your friend make a decision.C.Reach an agreement between you.D.Turn to others for help if necessary.BWhen I was a high school student,mathematics looked like a big barrier()for meand several of my classmates.Mr Iyer,a strict maths teacher,was also our class teacher.Healways stuck to his discipline().We had to arrive on time,pay undivided attention to hislectures,and dared not to ignore any of his homework.Even so,as our class teacher,we got to know him better.Noticing some of us couldn'tsit still and seemed restless one day as the mid-term exams approached,he stopped solving amathematical problem to ask us why."There's too much to do,"we sighed."We're afraidwe'll never manage to finish our revision before the exam.""Nothing is impossible,"Mr lyertold us."This classroom is on the second floor.Do you have a problem reaching here?"Wereacted with blank stares.“No,you don't!”he said,.answering his own question..“You have a staircase(楼梯)tohelp you climb up to this level.No one expects you to make it in two giant leaps().Yousimply take one step at a time.Any task can be solved if you focus on the immediate action to

有“相似的(similar)生活目标，他们都愿意帮助弱势群体。similar与上句中的like-minded构成同义词复现。第二节本文是说明文。文章介绍了敦煌莫高窟藏经洞的相关情况。61.tons。考查名词复数。ton是可数名词，意为吨”，又根据设空处前面的several可知，应用复数形式，故填tons。62.packed.。考查动词-ed形式作补语的用法。设空处在句中作补语，且pack与several...of manuscripts,.scrolls,.booklets and paintings之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用动词-ed形式，故填packed。63.who/that。考查关系代词。设空处在句中引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词Tang and Song DynastyBuddhist monks,且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。64.with。考查介词。fill sth.with sth..是固定用法，意为“使某物充满另一物”，故填with。65.ranging。考查动词-ing形式作后置定语的用法。设空处在句中作后置定语修饰itopics,且topics和range之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填ranging。66.brilliant。考查形容词。设空处和long并列，在句中作定语修饰history,应用形容词形式，故填brilliant。67.significance。考查名词。根据设空处前面的its可知，设空处应用名词形式，故填significance。68.were rediscovered.。考查一般过去时的被动语态。rediscover和they,之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，又结合时间状语1900可知，应用一般过去时，故填were rediscovered。69.the。考查冠词。表示年代的词前要加定冠词，故填the。70..to bring。考查动词不定式作目的状语的用法。设空处在句中作目的状语，故填to bring。第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节One day last summer,my mother and I was waiting in line to order at a fast-food restaurant.wereA young couple stood in the front of us,and two firefighters waited behind us,tiring and sleepy.tiredSuddenly,a long loud sound came from their fire truck parking outside.We knew what meant theyparkedit或thathad to go to work.As they turned to leave,the couple,who had just received his food,handedtheirtheir order to the firefighter.The couple then get back in line to reorder.Moved by their selflessfirefightersgotact,we decided give our food to them and refused to take their money.We were very gladly to0gladpass the kindness on to more people.第二节Dear Melissa,I'm sorry to say that I cannot go to the History Museum in our city with you on Saturday afternoon.My mother told me this morning that we were going to celebrate my grandpa's birthday this Saturday.Mygrandpa lives in a different city,so I'm afraid that I can't get back by Saturday afternoon.Shall we go to visit theMuseum next Saturday afternoon'?I hope the change will not cause you too much trouble.Once again,please accept my apologyYours,Li Hua英语（三）参考答案第5页共5页

don't leave it too late to return anything you bought.DigitIf you can't figure out how mueh you can afford to save,Digit will nyyoupendnhabits and allocate a certain amount to your savings.If the app knows you have spare moneyto save,then it will be moved automatically,and if you don't,it will stop.so thereof being left with no cash for the basies.You can sign up for a free trial for a month,and afterthat,the monthly price is $5.QapitalBy setting goals and rules,Qapital helps you make the most of your money and to avewisely.There's a Payday Divvy (feature that divides up your commitments betweenspending and saving.You'll also be able to take part in "Money Missions",which are funchallenges designed to give you insight into smart financial investments.If you want to investtoo,you can use Qapital's pre-built portfolios,which are tailor-made to the timeline andamount you input.21.How can Capital One Shopping help save you money?A.By offering them coupon codes.B.By negotiatig refunds for them.C.By limiting their shopping items.D.By recommending physical stores.22.Which app can be used for free for only a month?A.Capital One Shopping.B.Paribus.C.Digit.D.Qapital.23.What kind of knowledge does "Money Missions"teach you?A.Saving money.B.Design.C.Ways of payment.D.Investment.B“To invent,.”Thomas Edison said,“you need a good imagination and a pile of junk.”Colrerd Nkosi had all the junk he needed and the will to bring electricity to his small village inMalawi.He not only accomplished his goal,but won an award from the Queen of England.Using a repurposed corn-shelling()machine motor and a fast-moving river,Nkosicreated an electric turbine()that's now lighting up homes for him and his neighbors forfree in the town of Mzimba.Just like Edison,he did a lot of experiments.In the beginning,he put a bicycle in theriver and brainstormed about how the water moved the pedals(),and how it might beturned into power.Then,he used another kind of old part from the refrigerator to transformpower for 6 homes.But that's not enough,so he continued to upgrade.According to the self-taught inventor,his latest turbine has the potential to produceenough power to provide electricity to 1,000 homes and he says another turbine can be fixeddownstream to produce more electricity.In 2018,Mr.Nkosi won an award from the Queen ofEngland.In a country where only 11%of the population has access to electricity,having a reliableand renewable source of energy has been a game-changer-especially in the schools."In thepast,we had to study by candlelight and whenever there was no money to buy candles,wecould not study,"student Gift Mfune said."Now that we have access to electricity,manymore of us will pass our exams.The driving force behind Nkosi's DIY power initiative is not profit.Indeed,the onlycharge for his service is1 per month to keep the machine working properly.Nkosi already gives hands-on lessons in the basics of engineering to village children,andhopes to expand his own knowledge with more advanced studies."I wish I could find asponsor to help me fulfill my plan of going back to school to further my knowledgeand passonwhat I've learned to others.【2023年分科诊断测试卷（一）·英语第3页（共8页）】

11.When did Tom graduate from university?A.5 years ago.B.3 years agoC.2 years ago12.What does Tom expect Lily to do?A.Help him find a job.B.Visit Hong Kong some day.C.Show him n around the school.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.What docs the woman usually do on weckdays to kcep ft?A.Go cyclingB.Go hiking.C.Go running.14.What does the woman think of running?A.Boring.B.Exciting.C.Hard15.What exercise is the best to keep fit according to the man?A.Running.B.Rowing.C.Cycling.16.What will the man do next week?入.Join a gym.B.Go hiking.C.Buy a rowing machine.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.What does the passage mainly tell us?A.Outbreaks of the terrible viruses.B.Math and reading test results of American children.C.Negative effects on studies because of the COVID-19 pandemic.18.Which of the following had the first dccreasc according to the study?A.Math test results.B.Reading test results.C.History test results.19.How many percentage poinis did average reading test fall between 2020 and 2022?A.9B.7.C.5.20.What still affected students'learning after students returned to school?A.The data relcased on Thursday.B.The difficulties in America's cducation.C.The outbreak of virus among school workers and students.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共I5小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。When you get rcady to choosc your natural shampoo(铣发水，make sure you read the label.It should never contain more than nine ingredients,().Otherwise,it is more likely to haveharmful artificial ingredients.Some products state that they're organic,but this isn't always true.Try to find the following natural ingredients.*Coconut oil and Aloe Vera:These are known to stimulate the growth of hair by keeping yourhead skin moisturized(湿润)：*Organic Shea Butter:This will enhance the natural color and shinc of your hair.*Bcta Glucan:This has immune cnhancing qualitics that will start rclieving your irritatcd(刺激的)skin cells..*Organic Tea Trec oil:This contains antiscptic ()propcrtics that will help maintain the;heath of your skin by preventing any skin irritants.maumumanKeeping your hair beautiful,hick,and healthy is important.With natural hair care products,there are many different varieties that you can choose from.Make sure you do your research andpick out an option that's going to be best for your hair:whether it's already thick,whether it'sthinning,whether you're losing hair,or whether you're trying for a stronger look.

八年级（上Uit6基础训练参考答案-、I5 AABCB6-10 CDDCC=、11-15 ACACB16-20 BDCCB三、2I-25 BCAAC26-30 CDDBA第一节335 CBBAC36-40 CDDCB第二节4145 CAEBD五、(One possible version第一节46.celebrated47.understand第二节51.play a trick on52.to act outbe afraid of49.main50.ancient54.except for55.have been;since第三节Zhuangzi and the happy fishZhuangzi was an ancient Chinese philosopher.One day,he and his friend went out to enjoy the afternoon and theysaw fish swimming back and forth in the waterZhuangzi said to his friend,"Look at those fish.How happy they are!"His friend said,"You are not a fish.How do you know they are happy?Zhuangzi said,"You are not me.How do you know I don't know the fish are happy?"【书面表达写作指导】生8餐场的餐建鑫星

车更多，输送能力不会减弱；运输组织管理相对简单；工程建设投资不会增加。13.C大站快车模式停车站的设置应满足站点上、下客流的需求，宜选择上、下客流量大的车站；为满足方便换乘的需求，需考虑轨道交通网络，宜在换乘车站设置大站快车模式停车站；建设难度、车站规模与大站快车模式停车站的设置关系不大。14.B大站快车停车站间距不宜过大，应尽可能满足沿线乘客出行需求。空港经济区站和滨海站间站点较多，两站之间应设置大站快车停车站，经三路站与空港经济区站和滨海站距离适中，且客流量较大，最宜设置为大站快车停车站。15.A日本经济发达，技术先进，该机场曾被称为“新世纪的丰碑”，说明建造技术水较高；下沉与建筑材料韧性关系不大；该机场位于濑户内海，海底淤泥很厚，海底地质条件差；全球气候变暖导致海面上升，也是其下沉的重要原因。16.B该机场建在人工岛上，地势起伏小，面积小，泥石流和洪涝的影响较小；该机场位于日本东部，易受台风影响；日本处在板块交界处，多地震。17.(1)满足了沿线野生动物穿行的需要；减轻风沙对铁路造成的危害。(4分)(2)气候条件恶劣，春秋两季风大沙多，沙尘暴频繁，夏季酷热，冬季严寒，施工难度大；气候干旱，水源供应不足，且交通不便，施工条件异常艰苦；生态环境脆弱，环保要求高，成本高。(任答两点，4分)(3)形成连接西北与华北、环渤海地区的铁路运输新通道，形成新疆最便捷的出海通道；进一步完善我国西部铁路网结构，加快西部开发和经济发展；缩短新疆、甘肃和内蒙古西部地区资源外运通道运输距离，节约运输成本，提高运输效率，推动铁路货运市场发展。（任答两点，4分)18.(1)濒江沿海，位置优越；经济腹地广阔；城市等级体系完整，城市间产业分工明确；海陆空交通便利，信息网络发达（基础设施完善，协作关系密切）；对外开放时间早，产业基础雄厚，科技发达。(4分)(2)第一产业比重下降，第二、三产业比重上升，第三产业比重最高。(4分)(3)加强港口和船舶污染防治；推广应用新能源和清洁能源；优化运输结构；加快长江经济带综合运输体系建设；推进货物集装箱化运输。（任答两点，4分）19.(1)古代船只小，抗风浪能力弱，绕外海航行风险大；航行速度慢，绕半岛航行，路程远，耗时长。(4分)》(2)船只大型化，运河狭窄，不能满足大吨位轮船的航行要求；船只速度加快，抗风浪能力强，距离优势不再重要；区域内陆路交通方式的完善；运河两侧岩壁陡峭，坍塌风险较大。（任答三点，6分)(3)科林斯运河连通两大海湾，沿途地区风景优美；科林斯运河崖壁陡峭，观赏性强；有较高的历史文化价值。（任答两点，4分）20.(1)企业、政府的数字化转型带来的数据分析、存储、计算需求将驱动数据量高速增长；短视频、直播、社交电商等互联网应用等快速发展。(4分)(2)沿海地区海域面积广，可提供大量冷却水资源，有利于节约能源、降低成本；沿海地区人·32【23·G3DY(新教材老高考)·地理·参考答案一XJB一必考-一QG】

持”的重要性，也可以就襄子让孔子“自主探究”的教学方法做分析，写出自己的感悟与思考。总之，要注意扣住材料写作。任务三：明确文体“明确文体”意味着可以自己选择一种文体，文体特征应该明显、突出。根据材料性质，议论文容易上手，记叙文同样可以写，但要能通过叙事（如“我”通过专心致志做一件事从而获得成功）体现“专心致志”的主题。语言：体现文体特色，议论文语言准确严谨，侧重理性色彩；记叙文语言生动形象，侧重文学色彩。【题意评分解说】题意评分等级文章特征A.紧扣主题，体现了自己的思考和感悟。B.写作重点突出，联系材料和一类文现实生活，内容充实，感悟深刻，表达精彩，亮点突出。C.文体特征54~60分鲜明。A.扣住了主题，体现了自己的思考和感悟。B.写作重点较突出，联系材二类文符合题意料和现实生活，内容较充实，感悟较深刻，表达流畅，有一些亮点。C.文48~53分体特征鲜明。A.围绕主题写作，体现了自己的一些思考和感悟。B.写作重点不够突三类文出，感悟不够深刻，内容不够充实，结构较完整，语言淡，逻辑性一般。42~47分C.文体特征不够鲜明。基本符四类文A.有自己的一些感悟，扣题不紧。B.写作重点不突出，内容空洞，结构合题意36~41分不完整，语言不流畅，逻辑混乱。C.文体特征不鲜明。A.部分偏离题意的，酌情给分(21~35分)。B.完全离题的，酌情给分五类文(0~20分)。完全脱离材料内容，完全忽略写作要求，完全没有文体意偏离题意35分及以下识，仅选取材料、写作任务或写作要求的只言片语展开写作，思想不健康，观点错误。【补充说明】(一)错别字等扣分缺标题扣2分；每1个错别字扣1分，重复的不计；标点错误多的，酌情扣分。(二)字数等扣分1.400字以上的文章，按评分标准评分，扣字数分。（每少50个字扣1分）2.400字以下的文章，20分以下评分，不再扣字数分。3.200字以下的文章，10分以下评分，不再扣字数分。4.只写一两句话的，给1分或2分，不评0分。5.只写标题的，给2分，不评0分。与作文完全无关，甚至是调侃考试、调侃评卷老师的内容，可以打0分。6.完全空白的，评0分。【高二语文·参考答案第3页（共3页）】·23-112B·