新中国成立以来，积极开展独立自主的和外交活动，充分展现了自己的组织能力和多边外交能力。新中国初期，面临两大阵营的对立和以美国为首的资本主义国家对中国的孤立、封锁、包围，奉行独立自主的和外交政策，为世界的和与发展作出了贡献；50年代，在“独立自主的和外交”方针指导下，发展出和共处五项原则，日益成为国际关系的准则；60年代中苏关系恶化，70年代，中美关系正常化，中国坚持独立自主的和外交，维护了国家利益；改革开放以来，党和国家把工作重心转移到经济建设上来，面对复杂国内外形势，中国遵循和发展理念，重视睦邻友好，开展全方位外交；中共十八大以来，中国坚持和发展道路，积极推进对话而不对抗、结伴而不结盟的国与国交往新路，为推进更加公正合理的国际新秩序贡献中国智慧。（任选3个即可得6分）新中国始终坚持独立自主的和外交，不仅为国内建设创设良好环境，也彰显了新中国良好的国际形象，提高了新中国的国际地位，成为了世界和的建设者、全球发展的贡献者。示例3：新中国外交的“变”与“不变”新中国外交的“坚守”与“创新”新中国外交自中华人民共和国成立以来，经历了从革命式外交到参与式外交，再到引领新中国外交的“坚守”主要体现在始终坚持独立自主的和外交政策，以维护国家利益、捍卫主权独立与领土完整为宗旨。无论国际形势如何变化，中国都坚定地站在和与发展的立场上，推动构建稳定有序的和谐世界。和共处五项原则作为中国处理国际关系的准则，自提出以来一直未变，成为新中国外交的重要基石。然而，新中国外交也并非一成不变。随着国际形势和国内发展的需要，中国外交政策不断作出战略调整与创新。从新中国成立初期的“一边倒”外交，到改革开放后的全方位外交，再到新时代的中国特色大国外交，中国外交不断与时俱进，展现出强大的生命力和灵活性。这些变化旨在更好地适应国内外环境的变化，实现国家利益和国家目标。综上所述，新中国外交在坚持独立自主和外交政策的基础上，不断作出战略调整，以适应国内外环境的变化，推动构建人类命运共同体，为世界和与发展作出重要贡献。

古代罗马曾实行公民兵制，服兵役是每一个公民的义务，也是每一个公民的特权，后来.罗马实行常备军制，募兵标准有所改变，将士已不限于公民，军队人数明显增加，举行凯旋式是对军人的最高奖赏。这反映了当时罗马A.经济结构的变化B.政治制度的演变C.社会矛盾的缓和D.阶级关系的变人新的高潮。期间，翻译了大批希腊典籍，包括多部亚里士多德和柏拉图的著作。翻译译文也极大地丰富了阿拉伯语的语汇，增强了阿拉伯语的表达能力。据此可知，中世纪阿拉伯A.文化交流活跃R人文落作丰富C.经济贸易繁荣D.思想领域并放13.从14、15世纪开始，众多私人收藏家把大批的希腊罗马文献捐给大学或者图书馆。此后，公共图书馆和大学快速发展。1425年，英国建立了该国最早的图书馆；德国的第一个国家图书馆出现于1661年；大英图书馆建立于1759年。图书馆的发展A.拉开了科学革命序幕B意在复兴希腊罗马文化C.服务于工业资本主义D.有利于人文主义的弘扬社的主张和民情民意。公社还把文化普及向基层延伸，组织群众性的俱乐部，进行戏剧、音乐演出，恢复博物馆，开办画廊，举行画展等。巴黎公社此举A.意在动员人民参加政权建设B.促进国际工人运动发展到新阶段C.旨在推动社会主义文化传播D.助推法国工人阶级登上历史舞台业参与国际贸易和金融活动的法律障碍。还立法允许两家或两家以上银行成立子公司，以便为外贸提供融资，满足长期投资的需求。这说明美国A遏制垄断资本主义发展B.对经济实施全面干预C.积极谋求世界经济利益D.打击英国的金本位制当今国际制度网络化下的世界，出现了三个有重大意义的趋向，如下表所示序号趋向市场规则成为关键的决定要素。决定后果的权力是由市场在自主地行使着，并且常常是1由那些在市场中做买卖和做交易的人们无意识地行使权威分散化、多样化。社会上和经济交易过程中的权威，是由国家之外的机构在合法地运2用着，并且已经渐渐被那些受制于它的人仍所慷概地承认3政治成为一种大众性的共同活动，不再仅限于政治家及公务员们的活动这些趋向A.冲击了经济的全球化潮流B.推动了全球治理体系的变革VC.凸显了世界文化的多样性D.反映了社会信息化发展趋势高三历史第3页（共6页）

2024一2025山西省九年级期末监测试题历史参考答案1.C2.A3.C4.A5.D6.D7.B8.A9.A10.B11.B12.D13.D14.D15.B16.问题1：①→③→②→④。(2分)》【示例】①：为了反抗斯图亚特王朝的复辟，1688年英国爆发“光荣革命”，议会决定废黜詹姆士二世，迎请他的女儿玛丽和女婿威廉入主英国，这标志着英国资产阶级革命的结束，英国资产阶级革命推翻了封建君主专制，为英国资本主义发展开辟了道路。②：法国的封建专制统治严重阻碍了法国资本主义的发展，1789年，巴黎民众攻占了象征国王统治的巴士底狱，由此引发了全国城乡的暴动，法国大革命开始了。③：为了反抗英国的殖民统治，1776年7月4日，北美13个殖民地颁布了《独立宣言》，宣布人人生而等，享有生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。宣言号召殖民地人民反对英国的殖民统治，宣告北美13个殖民地脱离英国而独立，这也标志着美国的诞生。④：法国大革命时期，国王路易十六呼吁外国封建君主干预法国大革命，引起巴黎人民的强烈不满，最终路易十六以叛国罪被送上断头台，这推动了法国大革命的进程。(任选两幅图片说明，从背景、内容、影响等方面进行介绍，一幅图片2分，共4分)问题2：④①→②③英国资产启蒙阶级革命运动(2分)特点：从专制到民主、从人治到法治、不断民主化、不断法治化。（答出任意一点得1分，共2分）17.空间变化：(1)从地中海沿岸转移到大西洋沿岸；从欧洲到世界各地。（答出任意一点得2分，共2分)(2)特点：资本输出成为主要手段；商品输出加强；市场联系更加紧密；遍布世界各地。（答出任意一点得1分，共2分)影响：资本主义世界市场最终形成，有利于世界各地经济、文化的交流与发展；促进了帝国主义国家的资本积累；先进的生产方式扩展到世界各地，推动了人类社会现代化进程；西方列强加紧了对殖民地半殖民地的掠夺，给当地人民带来深重灾难。（答出任意一点得1分，共2分)(3)共识：战争的罪魁祸首是战败国；战败国要进行赔款；承认新独立国家有一定的民族自决权；建立国际组织，维护自身利益。（答出任意一点得1分，共2分）评价：调整了战胜国在欧洲、东亚和太洋地区的关系；在一定时期维护了世界的相对稳定；产生了新的矛盾，不可能从根本上消除帝国主义国家之间的矛盾；不可能长期维持，为第二次世界大战的爆发埋下了隐患；等等。（答出任意一点得1分，共2分）【历史·参考答案第1页（共2页）】·25-CZ50c·

-

55.A.lostB.leftC.missedD.found第卷第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The usual methods of assessing fruit by softness and scent are useless when picking the best watermelon,given the watermelon's tough rind ()56(Thank),there are several_57 (rely)indicators that canhelp guide you to the perfect watermelon for your enjoyment.Firstly,seek out the ground spot,the place 58 the watermelon rested on the ground during its ripeningphase.This spot should have a particular color,59(range)from pale yellow all the way to a deep goldenyellow.The darker and richer this spot,the more time the watermelon had to mature before harvesting.This60(extend)maturation period usually translates into a sweeter and more flavorful fruit.61 visual clue to consider is the watermelon's stripes.Here's where your fingers can play a role 62picking the right melon.By placing your pointer and middle fingers together,you can measure the ideal63(wide)of each stripe.Stripes approximately as wide as these two fingers together will often indicate that thewatermelon64(reach)its peak ripeness.Don't let your examination end with your eyes alone.Lift that watermelon and feel its weight.A well-ripenedwatermelon will feel heavier than it might look,suggesting 65 juicy delight within.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack建议你使用AI辅助学，请你给Jack写一封信，表述你对此事的看法。内容包括：1.表达自己的观点和态度；2提出一些建议。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。Dear Jack.YoursLiHua第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Eudora worked tirelessly with her mother in their vegetable garden,earning a modest living by selling freshproduce at the local farmer's market.Her primary responsibility was to ensure the daikon radishes were properlywatered.She often imagined the vegetables she tended as splendid carnations,like the ones grown by Mrs.Brown,a renowned flower grower in their village.Mrs.Brown's carnations were famous for their beauty,and Eudoralonged to grow flowers just like them.

3up glass, givingThe Aqua直线（40分钟100分）conventional sk考情分析，shade. In tande高考对接点 考查长句知识疑难点长句dampened,heMore ea、单句填空（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）birds see wir在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。feature hasin my head.city,inclu2.They may well regret the decision in yearscome.11.What nLawyer3.She became a(law) as her father had before her.A.The4.We first build up detailedprotzleB.Th5C.TH6.He was accusedDf考having thrown the game.D.T7.They reasoned the problem out and came toconclusion at last.人12.Wh(greed).8.That big-bellied fellow in the novel was very cruel andA.9.He took a short leave of absence to attend封personal business.B.were more10.She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on testsand名姓二、阅读（共4小题；每小题5）分，满分阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。班facade presents a problem for birds, most notably at night when the brilliantly lit interiors (室内)cause them to become confused.线What makes this mass bird death unusual isn't the number of animals that died (theAmerican Bird Conservancy estimates that up to a billion birds suffer the same fate every year),but that it attracted so much public attention. This was thanks to the Chicago Bird Collision学校over a single day.·41·

35.D。理解具体信息。根据最后一段中的As a low~cost phenotyping strategy,.themain cost is the lidar scanner.Once obtained,this approach can be widelyadopted in resource-poor settings,such as developing countries,wherecost-effective solutions are critical(作为一种低成本的表型分析策略，主要成本是激光雷达扫描仪。一旦获得，这种方法可以在资源匮乏的环境中广泛采用，比如发展中国家，在那里成本效益高的解决方案是至关重要的)可知，Chris Armit对这种表型分析方法的广泛应用充满信心的主要原因是其可负担性。第二节主题语境：人与自我一一做人与做事随着年龄增长，时间似乎过得越来越快，而儿童和青少年却觉得三年像一生那么漫长。这种现象背后的原因是什么？文章从大脑结构和人生经历的变化解释了这种现象，并提供了三条建议，帮助我们重拾对生活的感知。36.B。设空处前面提到对于成年人来说，三年前的事情感觉就像昨天一样，而这里需要一个与前文形成对比的句子，B项（然而，对于儿童或青少年来说，三年可能感觉像一辈子)符合语境。B项中的a lifetime和前文中的yesterday形成对比。37.E。设空处前面提到儿童和青少年比成年人经历更多的变化，并且更频繁，E项（他们长高、转学、有不同的朋友、在课堂上学到新东西)具体阐述了儿童和青少年经历的变化，是对前文的举例说明，符合语境。E项中的They指代前文中的children andteenagers。.38.A。这一段的主题是改变日常惯。前面提到尝试新的上班路线、在喜欢的餐厅点新菜、读不同类型的书，A项（在咖啡店和陌生人说话）也是一种新的体验，符合这段的主题。A项中的stranger是解题关键。

35.D。理解具体信息。根据最后一段中的As a low~cost phenotyping strategy,.themain cost is the lidar scanner.Once obtained,this approach can be widelyadopted in resource-poor settings,such as developing countries,wherecost-effective solutions are critical(作为一种低成本的表型分析策略，主要成本是激光雷达扫描仪。一旦获得，这种方法可以在资源匮乏的环境中广泛采用，比如发展中国家，在那里成本效益高的解决方案是至关重要的)可知，Chris Armit对这种表型分析方法的广泛应用充满信心的主要原因是其可负担性。第二节主题语境：人与自我一一做人与做事随着年龄增长，时间似乎过得越来越快，而儿童和青少年却觉得三年像一生那么漫长。这种现象背后的原因是什么？文章从大脑结构和人生经历的变化解释了这种现象，并提供了三条建议，帮助我们重拾对生活的感知。36.B。设空处前面提到对于成年人来说，三年前的事情感觉就像昨天一样，而这里需要一个与前文形成对比的句子，B项（然而，对于儿童或青少年来说，三年可能感觉像一辈子)符合语境。B项中的a lifetime和前文中的yesterday形成对比。37.E。设空处前面提到儿童和青少年比成年人经历更多的变化，并且更频繁，E项（他们长高、转学、有不同的朋友、在课堂上学到新东西)具体阐述了儿童和青少年经历的变化，是对前文的举例说明，符合语境。E项中的They指代前文中的children andteenagers。.38.A。这一段的主题是改变日常惯。前面提到尝试新的上班路线、在喜欢的餐厅点新菜、读不同类型的书，A项（在咖啡店和陌生人说话）也是一种新的体验，符合这段的主题。A项中的stranger是解题关键。

3/8based on2400 photos and 35 themes,with difficulty ranging from beginner (9 pieces) to expert (1,300 pieces)Select from their range of scenes including mountain and castle landscapes. Or, if none fit your fancy, you cancreate custom puzzles by uploading images of your own.Rating: 4.8 out of 5Washington Post Online Jigsaw PuzzleThe Washington Post offers a new puzzle to play every day with three dificulty levels: easy, normal, andexpert.mef tlatstpuzlandyolyball neatnablanktndanark truufrom around the world including the Colosseum in Rome and the Sydney Opera House.Rating: 4.6 out of 5Jigsaw Puzzles from EasybrainYou'll find more than 13,0 puzzles on this app, which uses HD quality photos with scores of themes anddifficulty ranging from 9 to 400 pieces.Select from plenty of categories including animals, art, and more, as wellasdiffeifieWthdlyatdgallerythrewillawayuzzltyungeRating: 4.5 out of 521. What is the rating of the app with 20,00 HD photos-turmed-puzzles?A. 4.5 out of 5.B. 4.6 out of 5.C.4.7 out of 5.D. 4.8 out of 522. What do we know about Rottz Games?A. It has more than 2,400 themes.B. It updates its puzzles on a daily basisC.It offes three difficulty levels to gamers.D. It allows gamers to create their own puzzles.23. Which provides a puzzle featuring world landmarks?A. Magic Jigsaw Puzzles by ZiMAD.B. Jigsaw Puzzles from Easybrain.C. Jigsaw Puzzles from Rottz Games.D. Washington Post Online Jigsaw Puzzle.BA self-described “girly girl, nine-year-old Zandra Cunningham was constantly begging her parents for thelatest beauty products. One day her dad simply told her“no, which inspired her to make her own.Zandra has been recognized by Entrepreneur magazine as one of the youngest millionaires in America. Whenaskedaboutherexperienceasachildentrepreeur(企业家）Zandra says,Itwasnfrigtening.Whenyoureyoung, you don’t have that fear mentality. “Maybe it's not going to work' never really crossed my mind." ForZandra, it became a challenge to separate her personal interests from what her customers actually wanted. “Therewere a lt of things that Ifelt were a good idea,but it wouldn’t fit into the market,” she says.Being part f thmarket herself, Zandra felt she had a unique perspective that allowed her to truly listen and respond to hercustomers.It started as a hobby for Zandra and her mom. They'd play around with different ingredients until they foundformulas they liked “through a lot of trial and error". Slowly, they started transforming the pastime into a brand.family started a shop for Zandra Beauty. At the time, Zandra Beauty was one of the first brands to offerplant-based and organic beauty products at an affordable price.The 21-year-oldhas essentially grown upalongside her brandbut her goals have remained the same: “Our main focus is to push out amazing products thatare safe for everyone and the earth.“Therere somanybrands doing similarthingsut thres stillsomuhroom t grow,andra says.ucustomers areout thereand youjust have tofindsomething that'sgoing to set you pa24. Why was Zandra not scared when she started her business according to herself?第3页共8页口

cOn January 252014,Li Na became the first Asian player to winthe Australian Open women'ssingles(单打比赛).At that time,ll-year-old Zheng Qinwen was watching in front of a television.The same day 10 years later,Zheng made history by reaching theAustralian Open women's singles final().On January.27,2024,she took the second place in the event.However,no one could.haveimagined that she would win the gold medal in women's tennis singleson August 3 at the 2024 Paris Olympics.At just 21 years old,Zheng has proved herself to be a serious player since turning proin 2020.The medal she got at the Paris Olympics was the first singles gold medal'for Asians inthe Olympic tennis event."Li Na is my idol...It's she who helped shape.my dream,"said Zheng.During the 2024Australian Open,they spoke for the first time,and Zheng thanked Li for'offering some key advice.;"She told me,'Don't think too much.Just go for it.'"Zheng said.Zheng and Li,both from Hubei,have a similar path()in learning tennis.They had trainingfom&young age,following inteationa standards(国际标准)and setting clear goals.Just as Li has lifted Chinese tennis to greater heights,Zheng also hopes to encourage the nextgeneration()."I want to be an example for children,so that when they,see me,they know thatI am not only a good player,but also a good person,a young,fantastic role model who can inspire(鼓舞)them to push ahead,.”Zheng said.)63.What do we know about Zheng Qinwen?:A.She loves watching TV very much.B.She was really inspired by Li Na.C.She is the first Chinese player to enter the Australian Open women's singles final.D.She won the silver medal in women's tennis singles at,the 2024 Paris Olympics.)64.What happened when Zheng met Li Na?A.Li gave Zheng some advice.B.Zheng invited Li to be her coach.C.Li taught Zheng some skills.、·D.They shared theirsrofgowth:)65.What's the main idea of Paragraph 5?A.Zheng's future professional goal.B.Zheng's difficulties in tennis.C.Zheng's growing steps in tennis.D.Zheng's performance in the Paris Olympics.()66.Put the events about Zheng into the correct order according to the passagea.Zheng became a professional'player.b.Zheng started tennis training and set clear goals.c.Zheng took the second place in the Australian Open women's singles firal.d.Zheng won the the first tennis singles gold medal for Asians in Olympics.A.b-a-c-dB.c-b-a-dC.a-c-b-dD:d-a-c-b()67.What's the best title for the passage?A.The firet Asian player to win in the Australian Open.B.A young fantastic tennis model who can change the world.C.Zheng Qinwen makes history following Li Na's steps.D.Zheng Qinwen made great progress because of Li Na.期末试■卷九年级英语（上学期）第6页（共8页）